Kev sib yeem hloov kho cov kab lus no feem sib thooj

1) Tus thawj hnyav

Cov kuab tshuaj tseem ceeb tuaj yeem zom cov xim pleev xim los ntawm kev nkag mus rau molecular nkag thiab o, uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov nplaum ntawm cov xim zaj duab xis mus rau txheej txheej thiab qhov qauv ntawm cov xim zaj duab xis, yog li benzene, hydrocarbon, ketone thiab ether feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj loj. , thiab hydrocarbon yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kuab tshuaj tseem ceeb yog benzene, hydrocarbons, ketones thiab ethers, thiab hydrocarbons yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Daim duab xim uas tsis tshua muaj kuab lom uas tsis muaj methylene chloride feem ntau muaj ketone (pyrrolidone), ester (methyl benzoate) thiab cawv ether (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), thiab lwm yam Ethylene glycol ether yog qhov zoo rau polymer cob. Ethylene glycol ether muaj muaj zog solubility rau polymer cob, permeability zoo, siab kub taw tes, tus nqi pheej yig dua, thiab nws tseem yog surfactant zoo, yog li nws nquag tshawb fawb ntawm kev siv nws los ua cov kuab tshuaj tseem ceeb los npaj cov xim stripper (lossis tus neeg sawv cev tu) nrog cov nyhuv zoo thiab ntau lub zog ua haujlwm.

Cov roj ntsha ntawm benzaldehyde tseem me me, thiab nws nkag mus rau hauv cov saw ntawm macromolecules yog qhov muaj zog, thiab nws cov solubility rau polar organic teeb meem kuj tseem muaj zog, uas yuav ua rau macromolecules ntau ntxiv hauv ntim thiab tsim kev ntxhov siab. Qhov tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis tshua muaj muaj xim ntxaij xim pleev xim npaj nrog benzaldehyde li cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem tshem cov hmoov txheej epoxy rau saum npoo ntawm hlau txheej ntawm chav sov, thiab tseem tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tawv nqaij pleev xim. Cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov xim pleev xim rau qhov no yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov tsoos xim tsoos xim (methylene chloride hom thiab kub alkali hom), tab sis ntau tsawg dua xeb rau cov hlau txheej.

Limonene yog qhov khoom siv zoo rau cov xim xaum los ntawm kev pom dua tshiab. Nws yog cov hydrocarbon solvent muab rho tawm los ntawm tev txiv kab ntxwv, tangerine tev thiab citron tev. Nws yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo rau roj, siv quav ciab thiab cob. Nws muaj qhov kub zoo thiab taw qhov kis tau thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb siv. Ester kuab tshuaj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua raw cov ntaub ntawv rau cov xim pleev xim. Ester kuab tshuaj yog tus yam ntxwv tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom, muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab ntxhiab dej hauv dej, thiab feem ntau yog siv ua kuab tshuaj rau oily organic tshuaj. Methyl benzoate yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj soler, thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb vam tias yuav siv nws hauv cov xim pleev xim.

2) Co-hnyav

Cov pa roj carbon monoxide muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov methyl cellulose, txhim kho cov viscosity thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom, thiab koom tes nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj loj los nkag rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab xim, txo cov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim zaj duab xis thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab, kom ceev txog xim tha xim tawm tus txheej txheem. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj hnyav thiab txo tus nqi. Cawv, ethers thiab esters feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj.

3) Cov pab txhawb nqa

Cov txhawb nqa yog tus lej ntawm cov roj ntsha nucleophilic, feem ntau cov organic acids, phenols thiab amines, suav nrog cov kua qaub, kua qaub acetic acid thiab phenol. Nws ua los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov caj pas macromolecular, ua kom nrawm nrawm nrawm thiab o ntawm txheej. Organic acid muaj cov haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo tib yam li cov sib xyaw xim zaj duab xis - OH, nws tuaj yeem sib cuam tshuam nrog cov kab ke sib txuas ntawm cov pa oxygen, nitrogen thiab lwm cov khoom siv poles, tshem cov kab ke ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev crosslinking cov ntsiab lus, yog li nce cov xim pleev xim rau hauv organic txheej diffusion tus nqi, txhim kho cov xim zaj duab xis o thiab lub peev xwm zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, cov organic acids tuaj yeem ua rau cov hydrolysis ntawm ester daim ntawv cog lus, ether daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov polymer thiab ua rau nws tawg daim ntawv cog lus, uas ua rau poob ntawm toughness thiab brittle substrates tom qab xim pleev xim.

Cov dej deionized yog lub siab loj dielectric tas li hnyav (ε = 80120 ntawm 20 20). Thaum cov nplaim yuav tsum tau hle yog polar, xws li polyurethane, lub siab dielectric tas mus li cov roj av muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo ntawm kev cais tawm qhov chaw electrostatic, kom lwm cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hws nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej thiab cov av.

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes rau ntawm cov hlau feem ntau, tsim cov pa oxygen, hydrogen thiab ib qho qauv pa oxygen. Cov pa ua rau cov phom tiv thaiv txheej txheem yob, kom cov xim pleev xim tshiab nkag rau ntawm cov hlau thiab txheej, yog li ua kom nrawm nrawm txheej txheem txheej txheej. Cov kua qaub kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov xim stripper formulations, thiab lawv txoj haujlwm yog tswj hwm pH ntawm cov xim pleev xim rau ntawm 210-510 txhawm rau kom hnov ​​mob nrog amine dawb pawg hauv cov txheej txheej xws li polyurethane. Cov kua qaub siv tuaj yeem ua tau soluble solid acid, kua acid, organic acid lossis inorganic acid. Raws li inorganic acid feem ntau tsim cov tshuaj xeb ntawm cov hlau, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv RCOOH cov mis, cov roj hnyav hnyav tsawg dua 1,000 soluble organic acids, xws li formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid, citric acid thiab lwm yam hydroxy acids thiab lawv cov kev sib xyaw.

4) Cov Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob

Yog tias cov xim pleev xim rau siv rau cov txheej txheem loj uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov nplaim dej ua rau lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov tuab tuab xws li dej-soluble polymers xws li cellulose, polyethylene glycol, thiab lwm yam, los yog cov ntsev uas muaj inorganic xws li sodium chloride , potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, thiab magnesium chloride. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov inorganic ntsev ua kom tuab tuaj yeem kho viscosity yuav nce ntxiv nrog lawv cov ntau npaum li cas, dhau ntawm cov kab mob no, viscosity txo qis dua, thiab kev xaiv tsis raug kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lwm yam.

Polyvinyl cawv yog cov dej-soluble polymer, nrog dej zoo solubility, zaj duab xis-tsim, adhesion thiab emulsification, tab sis tsuas yog ob peb cov organic sib xyaw ua ke nws yaj tau, polyol tebchaw xws li glycerol, ethylene glycol thiab tsawg molecular phaus polyethylene glycol, amide, triethanolamine ntsev, dimethyl sulfoxide, thiab lwm yam., hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic saum toj no, yaj tawm ib qho me me ntawm polyvinyl cawv kuj yuav tsum muaj kev ua kom sov. Polyvinyl cawv aqueous tov nrog benzyl cawv thiab cov kua roj tov rau cov dej tsis haum, ua kom yooj yim, thiab tib lub sijhawm nrog methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose solubility ntawm tsis zoo, tab sis thiab carboxy methyl cellulose solubility zoo dua.

Polyacrylamide yog cov kab dej-cov kua dej sib cais polymer, nws thiab nws cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv los ua flocculants, thickeners, ntawv kho kom zoo dua thiab rov ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Raws li polyacrylamide molecular saw muaj amide pab pawg, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm high hydrophilicity, tab sis nws yog insoluble hauv feem ntau cov kev daws teeb meem organic, xws li methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons thiab aromatic hydrocarbons. Methyl cellulose aqueous tov hauv benzyl cawv hom kua qaub ntau ruaj khov, thiab ntau yam dej-soluble tshuaj muaj qhov sib xyaw tau zoo. Tus nqi ntawm viscosity nyob ntawm qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua, tab sis cov nyhuv tuab tsis ncaj ncaj rau tus nqi, nrog qhov nce hauv qhov nyiaj ntxiv, cov kua dej aqueous maj mam txo qhov tsis haum gelation. Hom benzaldehyde tsis tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev ntxiv methyl cellulose kom ua tiav cov nyhuv viscosity tseem ceeb.

5) Kev Cuam Tshuam Kev Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv xeb ntawm lub substrate (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog magnesium thiab txhuas), qee qhov nqi ntawm kev txhim kho corrosion yuav tsum ntxiv. Kev xeb yog qhov teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej hauv cov txheej txheem tsim tawm tiag tiag, thiab cov khoom raug kho nrog cov xim pleev xim yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab ziab nrog dej lossis ntxuav nrog rosin thiab roj av kom raws sijhawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau thiab lwm yam khoom tsis xeb.

6) Cov hluav taws xob ruaj khov

Feem ntau hais lus, cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog permeability zoo yog yooj yim rau volatilize, yog li txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis haum ntawm lub ntsiab kuab molecules, qee qhov nqi ntawm volatilization inhibitor yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov xim pleev xim kom txo qhov tsis haum lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj lom molecules hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm , kev thauj mus los, cia thiab siv. Thaum cov xim pleev xim nrog paraffin ciab raug thov rau ntawm cov xim pleev xim, txheej nyias nyias ntawm cov nplaim paraffin yuav tsim nyob rau saum npoo, yog li cov pa roj carbon monoxide lub ntsiab yuav muaj sijhawm txaus los nyob thiab nkag rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab xim kom tshem tawm, yog li txhim kho cov xim tha xim tawm cov nyhuv. Cov nplaim paraffin ciab ib leeg yuav feem ntau ua rau tawg tsis zoo, thiab ib qho me me ntawm paraffin siv quav ciab yuav nyob rau saum npoo tom qab xim tshem tawm, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tsuag dua. Yog tias tsim nyog, ntxiv emulsifier kom txo qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw thiaj li hais tias cov roj av paraffin thiab kua roj paraffin zoo tuaj yeem tawg tau zoo thiab nws txoj kev cia ruaj khov tuaj yeem hloov kho.

7) Muaj xwm txheej

Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm surfactants, xws li amphoteric surfactants (piv txwv li, imidazoline) lossis ethoxynonylphenol, tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg cia ntawm cov xim stripper thiab ua kom yooj yim yaug tawm xim nrog dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv surfactant lwg me me nrog ob qho ntawm lipophilic thiab hydrophilic ob qhov khoom tsis zoo ntawm surfactant, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig solubilization; kev siv ntawm surfactant colloidal pawg nyhuv, kom solubility ntawm ntau yam nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav tau nce ntau. Feem ntau siv surfactants yog propylene glycol, sodium polymethacrylate lossis sodium xylenesulfonate.