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Kev Taw Qhia
Cov tshuaj zas xim (xim) intermediates yog ib ceg tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj zoo, thiab kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev lag luam zas xim (xim) nyob ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuaj intermediates uas mus nrog nws.

Txij li xyoo 1950, kev tsim cov tshuaj zas xim thiab cov xim nruab nrab hauv Suav teb tau tsim kho ntau heev, nrog rau kev sib tw ua lag luam ntau zuj zus, cov tshuaj zas xim thiab cov xim nruab nrab tau tsim kho tshiab hauv kev siv tshuab tsim khoom; kev tshawb pom tshiab hauv kev tsim cov ntau yam tshiab, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem tshiab, kev siv cov ntau yam qub tshiab, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam, siv cov thev naus laus zis huv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj zas xim thiab cov xim nruab nrab.

Ua ntej, kev txhim kho ntawm kev siv cov khoom nruab nrab
Duab

Qhov tseeb, kev tsim kho ntawm kev siv cov intermediates yog ntau yam, qee qhov intermediate siv rau hauv cov xim hu ua dye intermediates, thiab siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj thiab hu ua tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj intermediates. Intermediates yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog ib ceg ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo tag nrho, yuav tsum tsis txhob muab faib ua dyestuff intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj intermediates los ntawm kev lag luam, uas yuav txo qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm kev siv qee cov intermediates thiab cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj intermediates zoo yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau yam ntau yam, ntxiv rau ob peb hom ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm yog qhov loj heev, feem ntau ntawm cov tonnage tsis loj heev, tab sis cov txheej txheem npaj feem ntau nyuaj, uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab cov txheej txheem sib cais, kev tsim khoom kuj tsim ntau tus "peb pov tseg" uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum koom nrog kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom lag luam thiab npaj cov khoom lag luam intermediates kom tsim nyog kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo kom ua tiav cov khoom tsim tawm, ib pawg ntawm cov khoom siv tsim tawm tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam rau ntau hom khoom nruab nrab, xws li kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev txhim kho tag nrho, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab yooj yim dua los siv, yuav ua tiav ob npaug ntawm qhov tshwm sim nrog ib nrab ntawm kev siv zog. Nyiv qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem yog rau peb qhov kev siv, thawj qhov kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab hauv Nyiv kuj tau tawg heev, txij li xyoo 1960 tau xya zaug los kho, tsom mus rau.

Los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhim kho, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam dyeing thiab pigment intermediates tau mus txog qib siab dua ntawm qhov ntau lawm, thev naus laus zis thiab qib khoom siv, uas tsis tsuas yog ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam dyeing thiab pigment hauv tsev, tab sis kuj muab ntau cov khoom siv zoo rau cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws.

Cov khoom siv raw uas xav tau rau kev tsim cov intermediates feem ntau yog los ntawm cov khoom lag luam roj av thiab coking chemical industry, feem ntau yog benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone compounds, thiab qee cov heterocyclic compounds, thiab cov organic pigments uas tau npaj nrog heterocyclic compounds intermediates tau nce siab hauv xyoo tas los no. Tsis tas li ntawd, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series ntawm cov compounds, cov khoom siv raw no siv rau kev tsim cov xim, ces kev siv cov khoom siv raw synthetic yuav dav dua thiab dav dua.

Qhov thib ob, cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau siv ntawm cov intermediates
Duab

Cov ntaub ntawv raw yuav raug ua tiav rau hauv cov xim zas (xim) kev lag luam intermediates yog cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau siv raws li hauv qab no.

(1) kev tshuaj tiv thaiv sulfonation
(2) Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Nitration
(3) kev ua haujlwm ntawm halogenation
(4) Kev txo qis rau kev npaj cov amino
(5) Diazotization reaction (feem ntau nrog los ntawm coupling reaction)
(6) alkali fusion reaction los hloov cov sulfonic acid pawg rau hydroxyl
(7) Kev ua xua Acylation
(8) Kev tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation
(9) kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke
(10) Kev tshuaj tiv thaiv aromatization (feem ntau yog amino)
(11) kev sib hloov pauv ntawm cov hydroxyl thiab cov amino pawg
(12) hydroxyl lossis amino hydrocarbonation reaction

Raws li cov qauv ntawm lub nplhaib aromatic tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj intermediates zoo, cov intermediates tuaj yeem muab faib ua aliphatic system, benzene system, naphthalene system, anthraquinone system, heterocyclic system thiab thick ring system. Peb lub teb chaws tuaj yeem tsim benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic system, xws li dyeing, pigment intermediates ntau dua 400 hom, feem ntau yog kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam dyeing, pigment.

Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm benzene system yog.

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o-, p-aminoanisole, DSD, thiab lwm yam. N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxy aniline, 2-4-dimethyl aniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- thiab para-esters, thiab lwm yam.

Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm naphthalene intermediates yog.

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ-acid, G-ntsev, R-ntsev, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj anthraquinone intermediates tseem ceeb yog: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, thiab lwm yam.

Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm heterocyclic system thiab tuab ring system yog.

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, !tetracarboxylic anhydride, thiab lwm yam.