MIT-Ivy Kev Lag Luam yog ib lub tuam txhab tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas koom ua ke kev tsim khoom, kev muag khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb. Nrog cov khoom siv tsim khoom siab heev thiab cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom, peb tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv loj thiab nruab nrab. Peb feem ntau koom nrog kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom ntawm ntau yam tshuaj intermediates, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev kho mob tiv thaiv AIDS, tshuaj cardiovascular thiab cerebrovascular, thiab txhawb nqa intermediates ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev o. Cov khoom ntawm sodium azide, triphenyl chloromethane, L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride raug muag hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.1. Kev Taw Qhia ntawm cov tshuaj intermediatesPharmaceutical intermediates xa mus rau cov khoom nruab nrab xws li cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj. Qhov tseeb, lawv yog qee cov khoom siv raw tshuaj lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tshuaj. Daim duab Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj nquag yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj GMP. Cov tshuaj intermediates, txawm hais tias siv hauv kev tsim tshuaj, tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tsuas yog kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv raw tshuaj. Lawv yog cov khoom yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj plaws hauv cov saw hlau tsim tshuaj thiab tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tshuaj, yog li GMP daim ntawv pov thawj tsis tas yuav tsum muaj. Cov tshuaj intermediates tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj lom neeg thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm qee qib. Qhov no kuj txo qhov nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam rau cov chaw tsim khoom nruab nrab. Daim duab 2. Kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates Nrog kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam, kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev faib ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj loj thoob ntiaj teb, Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom nruab nrab hauv kev faib ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj. Raws li Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Txhim Kho Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj Intermediates Tuam Tshoj (2016), txij li xyoo 2011 txog 2015, kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates Tuam Tshoj thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tag nrho tau nce xyoo los ntawm xyoo, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm kwv yees li 13.5%. Ntawm lawv, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj intermediates hauv Tuam Tshoj tau txog 422.56 billion yuan hauv xyoo 2015, nce ntawm 9.88% xyoo rau xyoo. Cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam tau txog 17.2 lab tons, nce 10.26 feem pua ​​xyoo rau xyoo. Tus nqi tso tawm ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates hauv Tuam Tshoj yuav ze rau ib trillion yuan los ntawm xyoo 2020. Daim duab 3. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj intermediatesKev lag luam xav tau kev kho kom zoo thiab txhim kho sai: Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv tshuab tseem qis heev, thiab muaj ob peb lub tuam txhab tsim ntau cov tshuaj intermediates siab heev thiab txhawb nqa cov tshuaj intermediates rau cov tshuaj tshiab patented, uas nyob rau theem kev txhim kho ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv khoom thiab kev txhim kho. Tsuas yog qee lub tuam txhab uas muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho muaj zog, cov chaw tsim khoom siab heev thiab kev paub txog kev tsim khoom loj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig siab hauv kev sib tw. Kev lag luam ruaj khov: Cov chaw tsim khoom loj feem ntau coj kev tsim khoom raws li lawv tus qauv lag luam tseem ceeb. Raws li tus qauv tsim khoom raws li tus qauv, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom loj thiab cov neeg muag khoom yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab qhov ze dua kev koom tes, qhov siab dua ntawm kev ntseeg siab, thiab ntau pawg kev koom tes uas cov neeg siv khoom loj muab yuav yog. Nws siv sijhawm ntev los hloov cov neeg muag khoom. Yog li ntawd, ua ib lub lag luam uas muaj kev nplaum zoo, cov tuam txhab lag luam tshuaj feem ntau tsom mus rau cov tuam txhab tshuaj txawv teb chaws uas paub zoo nyob rau theem tam sim no. Thaum lub tuam txhab nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj loj, ob qho tib si qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam tau tswj hwm lub xeev ruaj khov. Kev xa khoom qis tshaj plaws: cov cheeb tsam xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj intermediates hauv Suav teb yog EU, North America, Middle East, Southeast Asia, thiab lwm yam. Kev xa khoom ntawm peb lub teb chaws feem ntau yog concentrated hauv vitamin C, penicillin, acetaminophen, citric acid thiab nws cov ntsev thiab esters, xws li cov khoom lag luam, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom yog cov khoom tsim tawm, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, kev sib tw ua lag luam yog qhov hnyav, tus nqi khoom thiab tus nqi ntxiv yog qis, kev tsim khoom loj ntawm lawv ua rau muaj kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates hauv tsev ntau dhau. Cov khoom siv high-tech tseem feem ntau yog imported. Cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab: cov tuam txhab tsim khoom feem ntau yog cov tuam txhab ntiag tug, kev ua haujlwm yooj ywm, qhov peev txheej tsis loj, feem ntau ntawm lab txog kaum lossis nees nkaum lab yuan. Kev sib sau ua ke hauv cheeb tsam: kev faib tawm hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yog concentrated, nyob ib puag ncig ntau lub Hoobkas tshuaj loj, feem ntau faib tawm hauv Taizhou, Zhejiang thiab Jintan, Jiangsu ua qhov chaw ntawm thaj tsam.Zhejiang Huangyan, Taizhou, Nanjing Jintan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan (suav nrog Zibo), sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj (Siping, Fushun) thiab lwm thaj chaw uas muaj cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev tsim cov tshuaj intermediates tau tsim kho sai heev. Kev hloov kho khoom sai: feem ntau cov khoom lag luam nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam 3 txog 5 xyoos tom qab, nws cov nyiaj tau los yuav poob qis heev, uas yuam cov tuam txhab kom tsim cov khoom tshiab tas li lossis txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tas li, txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev sib tw hnyav: vim tias cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tshuaj intermediates siab dua li cov khoom siv tshuaj, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm ob qho tib si yog qhov zoo ib yam, ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab tshuaj me me koom nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj intermediates, ua rau muaj kev sib tw tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev lag luam.4. Cov tshuaj intermediates muaj ntau hom tshuaj intermediates, suav nrog cephalosporin intermediates, amino acid protectant series, vitamin intermediates, quinolone intermediates, thiab lwm yam intermediates, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv qaug dab peg, fluoropyridine intermediates, tshuaj steroid intermediates, thiab lwm yam. Raws li lawv daim ntawv thov, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua tshuaj tua kab mob intermediates, tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab analgesic intermediates, tshuaj cardiovascular system intermediates, tshuaj tiv thaiv mob qog noj ntshav intermediates thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, muaj txog pua pua yam khoom tshuaj intermediates, thiab pheej tsim kho tshiab, tsim ntau yam kev lag luam molecular zoo hauv kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates. Muaj ntau hom tshuaj intermediates tshwj xeeb. Xws li imidazole, furan, phenolic intermediates, aromatic intermediates, pyrrole, pyridine, biochemical reagents, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen compounds, heterocyclic compounds, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, mannitol, lactose, dextrin, ethylene glycol, hmoov qab zib, inorganic salts, ethanol intermediates, stearic acid, amino acid thiab ethanol amine. ntsev, sylvite, sodium ntsev thiab lwm yam intermediates thiab lwm yam. Daim duab 5. Txij li xyoo 2000 los, kev lag luam tshuaj generic thoob ntiaj teb tau txuas ntxiv loj hlob sai dua li kev lag luam tshuaj tag nrho, loj hlob ntau dua ob npaug ntawm cov tshuaj patented. Kev lag luam tshuaj generic thoob ntiaj teb yuav ncav cuag $ 180 billion hauv xyoo 2013, thiab CAGR ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj generic thoob ntiaj teb txij li xyoo 2005 txog 2013 yuav ncav cuag 14.7%. Kev lag luam tshuaj generic thoob ntiaj teb yuav loj hlob los ntawm 10% txog 14% hauv tsib xyoos tom ntej, sai dua li qhov kev loj hlob 4% txog 6% rau tag nrho kev lag luam tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj generic yuav txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj nruab nrab. Txij li xyoo 2010 txog 2020, kev lag luam tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb yuav coj mus rau hauv nthwv dej ntawm kev tas sij hawm Patent siab, ntawm cov uas, txij li xyoo 2013 txog 2020, cov hom Patent thoob ntiaj teb yuav nruab nrab ntau dua 200 txhua xyoo, uas hu ua "Patent Cliff" hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv xyoo 2014, yuav muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Cov tshuaj patent tas sij hawm, uas yuav muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 2014, nrog rau tag nrho 326 cov tshuaj patent tas sij hawm. Xyoo 2010 thiab 2017 yog ob xyoos uas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws, nrog rau 205 thiab 242 cov tshuaj patent tas sij hawm feem. Cov tshuaj tas sij hawm feem ntau yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, endocrine, lub paj hlwb thiab cov tshuaj cardiovascular, nrog rau kev lag luam loj heev. Kev tas sij hawm loj ntawm cov tshuaj patent txawv teb chaws yuav coj cov catalysts tshiab rau kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates hauv Suav teb. Vim tias tom qab cov tshuaj patent tas sij hawm, kev tsim cov tshuaj generic cuam tshuam yuav tawg, uas yuav tsav kev loj hlob sai ntawm qhov kev thov rau cov tshuaj intermediates cuam tshuam. Daim duab 6. Kev nyuaj siab rau ib puag ncigTuam Tshoj twb yog ib lub teb chaws xa tawm cov tshuaj API intermediates loj, thiab yog ib qho chaw ua rau muaj kuab paug loj. Cov chaw tsim tshuaj intermediates koom nrog kev lag luam tshuaj zoo, yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Ministry of Environmental Protection, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj hauv tsev yog tsawg dua 3 feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm lub teb chaws GDP, tab sis tag nrho cov pa phem tawm mus txog 6 feem pua. Ntawm txhua yam tshuaj, API feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm cov vitamins thiab penicillin koom nrog kev lag luam ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ntau thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntau, uas ua rau huab cua thiab dej qias neeg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Raws li kev xa tawm ntawm Ministry of Environmental Protection, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 15, 2017, pab pawg tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb rau huab cua zoo hauv thawj peb lub hlis ntawm 2017 tshaj tawm tias kev siv siab hauv Shijiazhuang tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw, thiab tsoomfwv theem nroog tseem yog raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Environmental Protection Bureau hauv kev siv txoj kev npaj xwm txheej ceev huab cua muaj kuab paug hnyav, thaum lwm lub chaw haujlwm tsis koom nrog qib siab. Kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab uas tsim cov tshuaj intermediates hauv Shijiazhuang yog qhov loj heev. Cov lag luam tshuaj nrog Cov thev naus laus zis rov qab yuav dais cov nqi tswj kev ua qias tuaj siab thiab kev tswj hwm kev nyuaj siab, thiab cov tuam txhab tshuaj ib txwm muaj feem ntau tsim cov pa phem siab, kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom lag luam qis dua (xws li penicillin, cov vitamins, thiab lwm yam) yuav ntsib kev tshem tawm sai. Kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshuaj ntsuab tau dhau los ua kev coj ua yav tom ntej ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj nruab nrab. Daim duab
7. Cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam
kev lag luam mit-ivy
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