Cov xim reactive muaj qhov solubility zoo heev hauv dej. Cov xim reactive feem ntau vam khom pawg sulfonic acid ntawm cov xim molecule kom yaj hauv dej. Rau cov xim reactive meso-kub uas muaj cov pawg vinylsulfone, ntxiv rau pawg sulfonic acid, β-Ethylsulfonyl sulfate kuj yog pawg yaj zoo heev.

Hauv cov kua dej, cov sodium ions ntawm pawg sulfonic acid thiab pawg -ethylsulfone sulfate raug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration kom ua rau cov xim tsim anion thiab yaj hauv dej. Qhov zas xim ntawm cov xim reactive nyob ntawm qhov anion ntawm cov xim uas yuav tsum tau zas rau cov fiber.

Qhov solubility ntawm cov tshuaj reactive dyes yog ntau dua 100 g / L, feem ntau ntawm cov dyes muaj solubility ntawm 200-400 g / L, thiab qee cov dyes tuaj yeem ncav cuag 450 g / L. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm dyeing, qhov solubility ntawm cov xim yuav txo qis vim ntau yam laj thawj (lossis txawm tias tsis yaj kiag li). Thaum qhov solubility ntawm cov xim txo qis, ib feem ntawm cov xim yuav hloov pauv los ntawm ib qho anion dawb mus rau cov khoom me me, vim yog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me. Txo qis, cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom me me yuav nyiam ib leeg los tsim cov agglomeration. Hom agglomeration no ua ntej sau cov khoom me me xim rau hauv agglomerates, tom qab ntawd hloov mus ua agglomerates, thiab thaum kawg hloov mus ua flocs. Txawm hais tias cov flocs yog ib hom kev sib dhos xoob, vim yog lawv cov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig ob txheej tsim los ntawm cov nqi zoo thiab tsis zoo feem ntau nyuaj rau decompose los ntawm lub zog shear thaum cov kua xim ncig, thiab cov flocs yooj yim rau precipitate ntawm cov ntaub, ua rau qhov chaw dyeing lossis staining.

Thaum cov xim muaj cov agglomeration zoo li no, qhov xim ceev yuav raug txo qis heev, thiab tib lub sijhawm nws yuav ua rau muaj ntau qib ntawm cov xim av, cov xim av, thiab cov xim av. Rau qee cov xim av, qhov flocculation yuav ua rau kev sib dhos sai dua nyob rau hauv lub zog shear ntawm cov kua xim av, ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab ntsev tawm. Thaum cov ntsev tawm tshwm sim, cov xim dyed yuav dhau los ua lub teeb heev, lossis txawm tias tsis dyed, txawm tias nws yog dyed, nws yuav yog cov xim av loj thiab cov xim av.

Ua rau muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov xim

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog cov electrolyte. Hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing, cov electrolyte tseem ceeb yog cov xim accelerant (sodium ntsev thiab ntsev). Cov xim accelerant muaj sodium ions, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm sodium ions hauv cov xim molecule qis dua li ntawm cov xim accelerant. Tus lej sib npaug ntawm sodium ions, qhov concentration ib txwm ntawm cov xim accelerator hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing ib txwm yuav tsis muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau qhov solubility ntawm cov xim hauv chav dej xim.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov xim ua kom nrawm nce ntxiv, qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov sodium ions hauv cov tshuaj yuav nce ntxiv raws li. Cov sodium ions ntau dhau yuav tiv thaiv qhov ionization ntawm cov sodium ions ntawm pawg yaj ntawm cov xim molecule, yog li txo qhov solubility ntawm cov xim. Tom qab ntau dua 200 g / L, feem ntau ntawm cov xim yuav muaj ntau qib sib txawv ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. Thaum qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim ua kom nrawm tshaj 250 g / L, qib ntawm kev sib sau ua ke yuav raug ua kom muaj zog, thawj zaug tsim cov agglomerates, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv cov tshuaj xim. Agglomerates thiab floccules raug tsim sai, thiab qee cov xim uas muaj solubility qis yog ib feem ntsev tawm lossis txawm tias qhuav dej. Cov xim nrog cov qauv molecular sib txawv muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke thiab ntsev tawm sib txawv. Qhov qis dua qhov solubility, qhov tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke thiab ntsev-tolerant zog. Qhov phem dua qhov kev ua tau zoo analytical.

Qhov solubility ntawm cov xim yog feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov pab pawg sulfonic acid hauv cov xim molecule thiab tus lej ntawm β-ethylsulfone sulfates. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntau dua hydrophilicity ntawm cov xim molecule, qhov siab dua solubility thiab qhov qis dua hydrophilicity. Qhov qis dua solubility. (Piv txwv li, cov xim ntawm azo qauv yog hydrophilic ntau dua li cov xim ntawm heterocyclic qauv.) Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj dua cov qauv molecular ntawm cov xim, qhov qis dua solubility, thiab qhov me dua cov qauv molecular, qhov siab dua solubility.

Kev yaj ntawm cov xim reactive
Nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua plaub pawg:

Chav Kawm A, cov xim uas muaj diethylsulfone sulfate (piv txwv li vinyl sulfone) thiab peb pawg reactive (monochloros-triazine + divinyl sulfone) muaj qhov solubility siab tshaj plaws, xws li Yuan Qing B, Navy GG, Navy RGB, Golden: RNL Thiab txhua cov xim dub reactive ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw Yuanqing B, peb pawg reactive dyes xws li ED hom, Ciba hom, thiab lwm yam. Qhov solubility ntawm cov xim no feem ntau yog nyob ib puag ncig 400 g / L.

Chav Kawm B, cov xim uas muaj cov pab pawg heterobireactive (monochloros-triazine + vinylsulfone), xws li daj 3RS, liab 3BS, liab 6B, liab GWF, RR peb xim tseem ceeb, RGB peb xim tseem ceeb, thiab lwm yam. Lawv qhov solubility yog raws li 200 ～ 300 grams. Qhov solubility ntawm meta-ester siab dua li ntawm para-ester.

Hom C: Xim xiav uas kuj yog pawg heterobireactive: BF, Xim xiav 3GF, Xim xiav tsaus 2GFN, Xim liab RBN, Xim liab F2B, thiab lwm yam, vim muaj tsawg dua sulfonic acid pawg lossis qhov hnyav molecular loj dua, nws qhov solubility kuj qis, tsuas yog 100-200 g / Rise. Chav Kawm D: Cov xim nrog monovinylsulfone pawg thiab heterocyclic qauv, nrog qhov solubility qis tshaj plaws, xws li Brilliant Blue KN-R, Turquoise Blue G, Bright Yellow 4GL, Violet 5R, Blue BRF, Brilliant Orange F2R, Brilliant Red F2G, thiab lwm yam. Qhov solubility ntawm hom xim no tsuas yog li 100 g / L. Hom xim no yog qhov rhiab heev rau electrolytes. Thaum hom xim no tau agglomerated, nws tsis tas yuav mus dhau cov txheej txheem ntawm flocculation, ncaj qha salting tawm.

Hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing ib txwm, qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj zas xim yog 80 g / L. Tsuas yog cov xim tsaus xwb thiaj li xav tau cov tshuaj zas xim siab heev. Thaum cov tshuaj zas xim hauv lub dab da dej zas xim tsawg dua 10 g / L, feem ntau cov xim reactive tseem muaj kev yaj zoo ntawm qhov concentration no thiab yuav tsis sib sau ua ke. Tab sis qhov teeb meem nyob hauv lub thawv. Raws li cov txheej txheem dyeing ib txwm, cov xim raug ntxiv ua ntej, thiab tom qab cov xim raug diluted tag nrho hauv lub dab da dej zas xim kom sib npaug, cov tshuaj zas xim raug ntxiv. Cov tshuaj zas xim feem ntau ua tiav cov txheej txheem yaj hauv lub thawv.

Ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no

Kev xav: qhov concentration ntawm cov xim yog 5%, qhov piv ntawm cov cawv yog 1:10, qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntaub yog 350Kg (ob lub yeeb nkab kua ntws), qib dej yog 3.5T, sodium sulfate yog 60 g/liter, tag nrho cov sodium sulfate yog 200Kg (50Kg/pob tag nrho 4 pob)) (Lub peev xwm ntawm lub tank khoom feem ntau yog li 450 litres). Thaum lub sijhawm yaj sodium sulfate, cov kua reflux ntawm lub thawv zas xim feem ntau siv. Cov kua reflux muaj cov xim uas tau ntxiv ua ntej. Feem ntau, 300L kua reflux yog thawj zaug muab tso rau hauv lub thawv khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd ob pob ntawm sodium sulfate (100 kg) raug nchuav.

Qhov teeb meem yog nyob ntawm no, feem ntau cov xim yuav sib sau ua ke rau ntau qib ntawm qhov concentration ntawm sodium sulfate no. Ntawm lawv, hom C yuav muaj kev sib sau ua ke loj heev, thiab cov xim D yuav tsis tsuas yog sib sau ua ke, tab sis txawm tias ntsev tawm. Txawm hais tias tus neeg teb xov tooj dav dav yuav ua raws li cov txheej txheem kom maj mam rov ua kom cov tshuaj sodium sulfate hauv cov khoom siv vat mus rau hauv lub vat xim los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis tseem ceeb. Tab sis cov xim hauv 300 liv ntawm cov tshuaj sodium sulfate tau tsim cov flocs thiab txawm tias ntsev tawm.

Thaum tag nrho cov tshuaj hauv lub thawv khoom siv tau sau rau hauv lub thawv zas xim, nws pom tseeb tias muaj ib txheej ntawm cov roj zas xim rau ntawm phab ntsa lub thawv thiab hauv qab ntawm lub thawv. Yog tias cov xim zas xim no raug khawb tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv dej huv, feem ntau nws nyuaj. Yaj dua. Qhov tseeb, 300 litres ntawm cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub thawv zas xim yog zoo li no.

Nco ntsoov tias tseem muaj ob pob ntawm Yuanming Hmoov uas yuav raug yaj thiab rov ua kom tiav rau hauv lub thawv zas xim li no. Tom qab qhov no tshwm sim, cov xim av, cov xim av, thiab cov xim av yuav tshwm sim, thiab qhov xim ceev nrooj raug txo qis vim yog qhov zas xim ntawm qhov chaw, txawm tias tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov flocculation lossis salting tawm. Rau Chav Kawm A thiab Chav Kawm B nrog cov solubility siab dua, cov xim av sib sau ua ke kuj yuav tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias cov xim av no tseem tsis tau tsim cov flocculations, tsawg kawg yog ib feem ntawm cov xim av twb tau tsim cov agglomerates.

Cov aggregates no nyuaj rau nkag mus rau hauv cov fiber. Vim tias thaj chaw amorphous ntawm paj rwb fiber tsuas yog tso cai rau kev nkag mus thiab kev sib kis ntawm mono-ion dyes. Tsis muaj aggregates tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw amorphous ntawm cov fiber. Nws tsuas yog tuaj yeem adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber. Qhov xim ceev kuj tseem yuav raug txo qis, thiab cov xim stains thiab stains kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej loj.

Qhov degree ntawm cov tshuaj reactive dyes muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg sawv cev alkaline

Thaum ntxiv cov tshuaj alkali, β-ethylsulfone sulfate ntawm cov xim reactive yuav dhau los ua qhov kev tshem tawm kom tsim nws cov vinyl sulfone tiag tiag, uas yaj tau zoo heev hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Txij li thaum qhov kev tshem tawm xav tau ob peb cov tshuaj alkali, (feem ntau tsuas yog suav rau tsawg dua 1/10 ntawm cov txheej txheem koob tshuaj), qhov ntau alkali ntxiv, qhov ntau cov xim uas tshem tawm qhov kev tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum qhov kev tshem tawm tshwm sim, qhov solubility ntawm cov xim kuj tseem yuav txo qis.

Tus neeg sawv cev alkali tib yam kuj yog ib qho electrolyte muaj zog thiab muaj sodium ions. Yog li ntawd, qhov concentration ntawm alkali ntau dhau kuj yuav ua rau cov xim uas tau tsim vinyl sulfone los sib sau ua ke lossis txawm tias ntsev tawm. Qhov teeb meem tib yam tshwm sim hauv lub tank khoom. Thaum tus neeg sawv cev alkali yaj (piv txwv li, siv cov kua qaub ntsev soda). Lub sijhawm no, cov kua qaub ntsev reflux twb muaj cov neeg sawv cev ua kom cov xim sai dua thiab cov xim hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Txawm hais tias ib feem ntawm cov xim yuav raug siv los ntawm cov fiber, tsawg kawg ntau dua 40% ntawm cov xim seem yog nyob rau hauv cov kua xim. Xav tias ib pob ntawm cov xim qaub ntsev raug nchuav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab qhov concentration ntawm cov xim qaub ntsev hauv lub tank tshaj 80 g / L. Txawm tias cov xim accelerator hauv cov kua qaub ntsev reflux yog 80 g / L lub sijhawm no, cov xim hauv lub tank kuj yuav condense. C thiab D dyes tej zaum yuav ntsev tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau D dyes, txawm tias qhov concentration ntawm cov xim qaub ntsev poob rau 20 g / l, qhov kev ntsev hauv zos yuav tshwm sim. Ntawm lawv, Brilliant Blue KN.R, Turquoise Blue G, thiab Supervisor BRF yog cov uas rhiab heev tshaj plaws.

Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov xim lossis txawm tias ntsev tawm tsis tau txhais hais tias cov xim tau hydrolyzed tag nrho. Yog tias nws yog agglomeration lossis ntsev tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj ua kom cov xim, nws tseem tuaj yeem zas tau ntev li ntev tau nws tuaj yeem rov yaj. Tab sis kom nws rov yaj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv cov tshuaj pab zas txaus (xws li urea 20 g / l lossis ntau dua), thiab qhov kub yuav tsum tau tsa mus rau 90 ° C lossis ntau dua nrog kev sib xyaw txaus. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws nyuaj heev hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov xim tsis txhob sib sau ua ke lossis ntsev tawm hauv lub thawv, cov txheej txheem hloov xim yuav tsum tau siv thaum ua cov xim tob thiab muaj zog rau cov xim C thiab D uas tsis yaj, nrog rau cov xim A thiab B.

Kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem

1. Siv lub thawv zas xim kom rov qab cov tshuaj zas xim thiab ua kom sov hauv lub thawv kom yaj (60 ~ 80 ℃). Vim tias tsis muaj xim zas xim nyob hauv dej tshiab, cov tshuaj zas xim tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov ntaub. Cov tshuaj zas xim uas yaj lawm tuaj yeem sau rau hauv lub thawv zas xim sai li sai tau.

2. Tom qab cov kua brine raug ncig rau 5 feeb, cov tshuaj zas xim accelerant yeej zoo ib yam, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj zas xim uas tau yaj ua ntej raug ntxiv. Cov tshuaj zas xim yuav tsum tau diluted nrog cov tshuaj reflux, vim tias qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj zas xim accelerant hauv cov tshuaj reflux tsuas yog 80 grams / L, cov xim yuav tsis agglomerate. Tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov xim yuav tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm (qhov concentration tsawg) cov tshuaj zas xim accelerator, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev zas xim yuav tshwm sim. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj zas xim tsis tas yuav tswj hwm los ntawm lub sijhawm kom sau cov zas xim, thiab nws feem ntau ua tiav hauv 10-15 feeb.

3. Cov neeg sawv cev alkaline yuav tsum tau hydrated ntau li ntau tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau C thiab D dyes. Vim tias hom xim no rhiab heev rau cov neeg sawv cev alkaline nyob rau hauv qhov muaj cov neeg sawv cev txhawb cov xim, qhov solubility ntawm cov neeg sawv cev alkaline yog qhov siab heev (qhov solubility ntawm soda tshauv ntawm 60 ° C yog 450 g / L). Cov dej huv uas xav tau los yaj cov neeg sawv cev alkali tsis tas yuav ntau dhau, tab sis qhov ceev ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua alkali yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem xav tau, thiab feem ntau nws zoo dua los ntxiv nws hauv txoj kev nce qib.

4. Rau cov divinyl sulfone dyes hauv qeb A, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov siab heev vim tias lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rhiab rau cov neeg sawv cev alkaline ntawm 60 ° C. Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev kho xim tam sim ntawd thiab xim tsis sib xws, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv 1/4 ntawm cov neeg sawv cev alkali ua ntej ntawm qhov kub qis.

Hauv cov txheej txheem hloov dyeing, nws tsuas yog tus neeg sawv cev alkali uas xav tau tswj tus nqi pub mis. Cov txheej txheem hloov dyeing tsis yog tsuas yog siv rau txoj kev cua sov xwb, tab sis kuj siv rau txoj kev kub tas mus li. Txoj kev kub tas mus li tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj kev yaj ntawm cov xim thiab ua kom nrawm dua qhov sib kis thiab nkag mus ntawm cov xim. Qhov nrawm ntawm thaj chaw amorphous ntawm cov fiber ntawm 60 ° C yog li ob npaug ntawm qhov siab dua li ntawm 30 ° C. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kub tas mus li yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau cheese, hank. Warp beams suav nrog cov txheej txheem dyeing nrog cov cawv qis, xws li jig dyeing, uas xav tau kev nkag mus siab thiab diffusion lossis cov xim siab concentration.

Nco ntsoov tias cov sodium sulfate uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam tam sim no qee zaum yog alkaline, thiab nws cov PH tus nqi tuaj yeem ncav cuag 9-10. Qhov no txaus ntshai heev. Yog tias koj piv cov sodium sulfate ntshiab nrog cov ntsev ntshiab, ntsev muaj cov nyhuv ntau dua rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov xim dua li sodium sulfate. Qhov no yog vim tias qhov sib npaug ntawm sodium ions hauv cov ntsev hauv lub rooj yog siab dua li ntawm sodium sulfate ntawm tib qhov hnyav.

Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov xim muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov zoo ntawm dej. Feem ntau, cov calcium thiab magnesium ions hauv qab 150ppm yuav tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau rau qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov xim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau hnyav hauv dej, xws li ferric ions thiab aluminium ions, suav nrog qee cov kab mob algae, yuav ua rau cov xim sib sau ua ke sai dua. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov concentration ntawm ferric ions hauv dej tshaj 20 ppm, lub peev xwm tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xim tuaj yeem txo qis, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm algae hnyav dua.

Txuas nrog cov xim tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev sim tiv thaiv kev ntsev:

Kev Txiav Txim 1: Hnyav 0.5 g ntawm cov xim zas, 25 g ntawm sodium sulfate lossis ntsev, thiab yaj nws hauv 100 ml ntawm dej huv ntawm 25 ° C li 5 feeb. Siv lub raj xa dej los nqus cov tshuaj thiab tso 2 tee dej tas li ntawm tib qho chaw ntawm daim ntawv lim.

Kev Txiav Txim 2: Hnyav 0.5 g ntawm cov xim zas, 8 g ntawm sodium sulfate lossis ntsev thiab 8 g ntawm soda tshauv, thiab yaj nws hauv 100 ml ntawm dej huv ntawm li 25 ° C rau li 5 feeb. Siv lub dropper los nqus cov tshuaj rau ntawm daim ntawv lim tas li. 2 tee.

Txoj kev saum toj no siv tau los txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev ntsev ntawm cov xim, thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem zas xim twg.