Reactive dyes muaj solubility zoo heev hauv dej. Reactive dyes feem ntau vam khom rau sulfonic acid pawg ntawm cov xim molecule kom yaj hauv dej. Rau meso-kub reactive dyes uas muaj vinylsulfone pawg, ntxiv rau sulfonic acid pawg, β -Ethylsulfonyl sulfate kuj yog ib pab pawg dissolving zoo heev.

Hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, cov sodium ions ntawm sulfonic acid pawg thiab -ethylsulfone sulfate pawg tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej los ua kom cov xim pleev xim anion thiab yaj hauv dej. Lub dyeing ntawm cov reactive dye nyob ntawm qhov anion ntawm cov dye yuav dyed rau fiber.

Solubility ntawm reactive dyes yog ntau tshaj 100 g / L, feem ntau ntawm cov dyes muaj ib tug solubility ntawm 200-400 g / L, thiab ib co dyes tuaj yeem ncav cuag 450 g / L. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm dyeing txheej txheem, cov solubility ntawm cov dye yuav txo vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj (los yog txawm insoluble kiag li). Thaum lub solubility ntawm cov dye txo qis, ib feem ntawm cov dye yuav hloov los ntawm ib tug dawb anion rau hais, vim hais tias tus nqi loj repulsion ntawm cov hais. Kev txo qis, particles thiab particles yuav nyiam ib leeg los tsim agglomeration. Qhov zoo ntawm agglomeration ua ntej sib sau cov xim xim rau hauv agglomerates, tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv agglomerates, thiab thaum kawg hloov mus ua flocs. Txawm hais tias cov flocs yog ib hom kev sib dhos xoob, vim tias lawv cov hluav taws xob ib puag ncig ob txheej tsim los ntawm cov nqi zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo yog feem ntau nyuaj rau decompose los ntawm shear quab yuam thaum lub dye cawv circulates, thiab cov flocs yog ib qho yooj yim rau precipitate ntawm cov ntaub, ua rau nto dyeing los yog staining.

Thaum cov dye muaj xws li agglomeration, xim ceev yuav txo qis, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yuav ua rau txawv degrees ntawm stains, stains, thiab stains. Rau qee cov dyes, lub flocculation yuav ua rau kom lub rooj sib txoos nyob rau hauv lub shear quab yuam ntawm cov tshuaj dye, ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab salting tawm. Thaum salting tshwm sim, cov xim dyed yuav dhau los ua lub teeb heev, lossis txawm tias tsis dyed, txawm tias nws yog dyed, nws yuav ua rau cov xim loj thiab stains.

Ua rau dye aggregation

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog electrolyte. Hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing, lub ntsiab electrolyte yog dye accelerant (sodium ntsev thiab ntsev). Lub dye accelerant muaj sodium ions, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm sodium ions nyob rau hauv dye molecule yog qis dua li ntawm cov dye accelerant. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov sodium ions, qhov qub concentration ntawm cov dye accelerator nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing ib txwm yuav tsis muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau solubility ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv lub dye da dej.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tus nqi dye accelerant nce, qhov concentration ntawm sodium ions hauv cov tshuaj nce ntxiv. Sodium ions ntau dhau yuav cuam tshuam cov ionization ntawm sodium ions ntawm pawg dissolving ntawm cov dye molecule, yog li txo cov solubility ntawm cov xim. Tom qab ntau tshaj 200 g / L, feem ntau ntawm cov dyes yuav muaj ntau qib sib sau ua ke. Thaum cov concentration ntawm cov dye accelerator tshaj 250 g / L, cov degree ntawm aggregation yuav intensified, thawj tsim agglomerates, thiab ces nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj zas xim. Agglomerates thiab floccules yog tsim sai sai, thiab qee cov dyes uas tsis muaj solubility yog ib feem ntsev tawm los yog lub cev qhuav dej. Dyes nrog cov qauv molecular sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv los tiv thaiv agglomeration thiab ntsev-tawm cov khoom. Qhov qis dua solubility, anti-agglomeration thiab ntsev-tolerant zog. Qhov phem tshaj qhov kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo.

Lub solubility ntawm cov dye yog tsuas yog txiav txim los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm sulfonic acid pawg nyob rau hauv lub dye molecule thiab tus naj npawb ntawm β-ethylsulfone sulfates. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntau dua qhov hydrophilicity ntawm cov dye molecule, qhov solubility ntau dua thiab qis dua hydrophilicity. Qhov qis dua solubility. (Piv txwv li, dyes ntawm azo qauv yog hydrophilic ntau dua dyes ntawm heterocyclic qauv.) Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm cov qauv molecular ntawm cov dye, qhov solubility qis dua, thiab cov qauv molecular me dua, qhov solubility ntau dua.

Solubility ntawm reactive dyes
Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg:

Class A, dyes muaj diethylsulfone sulfate (ie vinyl sulfone) thiab peb pawg reactive (monochloros-triazine + divinyl sulfone) muaj cov solubility siab tshaj plaws, xws li Yuan Qing B, Navy GG, Navy RGB, Golden: RNL Thiab tag nrho cov reactive blacks ua los ntawm sib tov Yuanqing B, peb-reactive pawg dyes xws li ED hom, Ciba s hom, thiab lwm yam. Lub solubility ntawm cov dyes yog feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 400 g / L.

Class B, dyes muaj cov pab pawg neeg heterobireactive (monochloros-triazine + vinylsulfone), xws li daj 3RS, liab 3BS, liab 6B, liab GWF, RR peb thawj xim, RGB peb thawj xim, thiab lwm yam. Lawv solubility yog raws li nyob rau hauv 200 ~ 300 grams. Lub solubility ntawm meta-ester yog siab dua li ntawm para-ester.

Hom C: Navy xiav uas kuj yog ib pawg neeg heterobireactive: BF, Navy xiav 3GF, tsaus xiav 2GFN, liab RBN, liab F2B, thiab lwm yam, vim muaj tsawg sulfonic acid pawg los yog loj molecular hnyav, nws solubility kuj tsawg, tsuas yog 100. - 200 g / Luas. Chav Kawm D: Dyes nrog monovinylsulfone pawg thiab cov qauv heterocyclic, nrog cov solubility qis tshaj plaws, xws li Brilliant Blue KN-R, Turquoise Blue G, Bright Yellow 4GL, Violet 5R, Blue BRF, Brilliant Orange F2R, Brilliant Red F2G, thiab lwm yam. ntawm hom dye no tsuas yog hais txog 100 g / L. Hom dye no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov electrolytes. Thaum hom dye no tau agglomerated, nws tsis txawm yuav tsum mus los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm flocculation, ncaj qha salting tawm.

Hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing ib txwm, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm dye accelerator yog 80 g / L. Tsuas yog cov xim tsaus yuav tsum muaj lub siab concentration ntawm dye accelerator. Thaum cov dye concentration nyob rau hauv lub dyeing da dej yog tsawg tshaj li 10 g / L, feem ntau reactive dyes tseem muaj zoo solubility ntawm no concentration thiab yuav tsis aggregate. Tab sis qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub vat. Raws li tus txheej txheem dyeing ib txwm, cov dye yog ntxiv ua ntej, thiab tom qab cov dye yog tag nrho diluted nyob rau hauv lub dye da dej kom uniformity, cov dye accelerant yog ntxiv. Lub dye accelerant yeej ua tiav cov txheej txheem dissolution nyob rau hauv lub vat.

Ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no

Kev xav: dyeing concentration yog 5%, cawv piv yog 1:10, daim ntaub hnyav yog 350Kg (ob lub yeeb nkab ua kua), dej theem yog 3.5T, sodium sulfate yog 60 g / liter, tag nrho cov sodium sulfate yog 200Kg (50Kg. / pob tag nrho 4 pob) ) (Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv tank feem ntau yog li 450 litres). Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm dissolving sodium sulfate, reflux kua ntawm cov dye vat feem ntau yog siv. Cov kua reflux muaj cov dye yav tas los ntxiv. Feem ntau, 300L reflux kua yog thawj zaug muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv vat, thiab tom qab ntawd ob pob ntawv ntawm sodium sulfate (100 kg) yog nchuav.

Qhov teeb meem nyob ntawm no, feem ntau cov dyes yuav agglomerate mus rau txawv degrees ntawm no concentration ntawm sodium sulfate. Ntawm lawv, hom C yuav muaj agglomeration loj, thiab D dye yuav tsis tsuas yog agglomerated, tab sis txawm ntsev tawm. Txawm hais tias tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav ua raws li cov txheej txheem kom maj mam ntxiv cov tshuaj sodium sulfate hauv cov khoom siv vat rau hauv dye vat los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis loj. Tab sis cov xim nyob rau hauv 300 litres ntawm sodium sulfate tov tau tsim flocs thiab txawm salted tawm.

Thaum tag nrho cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom vat yog sau rau hauv lub dyeing vat, nws yog heev pom tias muaj ib tug txheej ntawm greasy dye hais rau ntawm phab ntsa vat thiab hauv qab ntawm lub vat. Yog tias cov xim no tau muab pov tseg thiab muab tso rau hauv dej huv, feem ntau nyuaj. Dissolve dua. Qhov tseeb, 300 litres ntawm cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv dye vat yog txhua yam zoo li no.

Nco ntsoov tias tseem muaj ob pob ntawm Yuanming Powder uas tseem yuav yaj thiab rov ua dua rau hauv lub dye vat li no. Tom qab qhov no tshwm sim, stains, stains, thiab stains yuav tshwm sim, thiab cov xim ceev ceev yuav txo qis vim qhov dyeing nto, txawm tias tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb flocculation lossis salting tawm. Rau Chav Kawm A thiab Chav B nrog cov solubility ntau dua, cov xim sib xyaw kuj yuav tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias cov dyes tseem tsis tau tsim flocculations, tsawg kawg ib feem ntawm cov dyes twb tsim agglomerates.

Cov aggregates no nyuaj rau nkag mus rau hauv cov fiber ntau. Vim tias thaj tsam amorphous ntawm paj rwb fiber tsuas tso cai rau kev nkag mus thiab diffusion ntawm mono-ion dyes. Tsis muaj aggregates tuaj yeem nkag mus rau thaj tsam amorphous ntawm fiber ntau. Nws tuaj yeem tsuas yog adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm fiber ntau. Cov xim ceev kuj tseem yuav txo qis, thiab cov xim stains thiab stains tseem yuav tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm reactive dyes muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj alkaline

Thaum tus neeg sawv cev alkali ntxiv, β-ethylsulfone sulfate ntawm reactive dye yuav raug tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim nws cov vinyl sulfone tiag tiag, uas yog soluble hauv cov noob. Txij li thaum tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj alkali tsawg heev, (feem ntau tsuas yog suav nrog tsawg dua 1/10 ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau npaum), qhov ntau npaum li alkali ntxiv, cov xim ntau dua uas tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum qhov kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim, cov solubility ntawm cov xim yuav txo qis.

Cov tib alkali tus neeg sawv cev kuj yog ib qho muaj zog electrolyte thiab muaj sodium ions. Yog li ntawd, ntau dhau alkali tus neeg sawv cev concentration kuj yuav ua rau cov xim uas tau tsim vinyl sulfone rau agglomerate los yog txawm ntsev tawm. Tib qhov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv tank. Thaum tus neeg sawv cev alkali yaj (siv dej qab ntsev ua piv txwv), yog siv cov tshuaj reflux. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov kua reflux twb muaj cov dye accelerating tus neeg saib xyuas thiab dye nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm concentration. Txawm hais tias ib feem ntawm cov dye tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov fiber ntau, tsawg kawg yog ntau tshaj 40% ntawm cov dye seem nyob rau hauv cov dej cawv. Piv txwv li ib pob ntawm dej qab zib tshauv yog nchuav thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, thiab cov concentration ntawm soda tshauv nyob rau hauv lub tank tshaj 80 g / L. Txawm hais tias lub dye accelerator nyob rau hauv cov kua reflux yog 80 g / L nyob rau lub sij hawm no, cov xim nyob rau hauv lub tank yuav condense. C thiab D dyes tej zaum yuav txawm ntsev tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau D dyes, txawm tias cov concentration ntawm soda tshauv poob mus rau 20 g / l, lub zos salting tawm yuav tshwm sim. Ntawm lawv, Brilliant Blue KN.R, Turquoise Blue G, thiab Tus Saib Xyuas BRF yog cov rhiab tshaj plaws.

Dye agglomeration lossis txawm salting tawm tsis tau txhais hais tias cov dye tau tag nrho hydrolyzed. Yog hais tias nws yog agglomeration los yog salting tawm los ntawm ib tug dye accelerator, nws tseem tuaj yeem dyed yog tias nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Tab sis txhawm rau ua kom nws rov ua kom tiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom siv dye txaus (xws li urea 20 g / l lossis ntau dua), thiab qhov kub yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 90 ° C lossis ntau dua nrog kev sib xyaw kom txaus. Obviously nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tiag tiag ua hauj lwm.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dyes los ntawm agglomerating lossis salting tawm hauv lub vat, cov txheej txheem hloov dyeing yuav tsum tau siv thaum ua cov xim sib sib zog nqus thiab cov xim rau C thiab D dyes uas tsis muaj solubility, nrog rau A thiab B dyes.

Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab kev txheeb xyuas

1. Siv lub dye vat rov qab dye accelerant thiab cua sov hauv lub vat kom yaj nws (60 ~ 80 ℃). Txij li thaum tsis muaj xim nyob rau hauv cov dej tshiab, lub dye accelerator tsis muaj affinity rau cov ntaub. Lub yaj dye accelerator tuaj yeem ntim rau hauv dyeing vat sai li sai tau.

2. Tom qab cov tshuaj brine tau ncig rau 5 feeb, cov dye accelerant yog ib txwm zoo ib yam, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj zas xim uas tau yaj ua ntej ntxiv. Cov tshuaj zas zas yuav tsum tau diluted nrog cov tshuaj reflux, vim hais tias cov concentration ntawm cov dye accelerant nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj reflux tsuas yog 80 grams / L, cov dye yuav tsis agglomerate. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov dyeing yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm (kuj qis concentration) dye accelerator, qhov teeb meem ntawm dyeing yuav tshwm sim. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj zas xim tsis tas yuav tsum tau tswj los ntawm lub sijhawm los sau cov dyeing vat, thiab nws feem ntau ua tiav hauv 10-15 feeb.

3. Cov tshuaj alkali yuav tsum tau hydrated ntau li ntau tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau C thiab D dyes. Vim hais tias hom dye no yog qhov rhiab heev rau alkaline cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm dye-txhim kho cov neeg ua hauj, solubility ntawm alkaline cov neeg ua hauj yog siab heev (lub solubility ntawm soda tshauv ntawm 60 ° C yog 450 g / L). Cov dej huv uas yuav tsum tau ua kom yaj tus neeg sawv cev alkali tsis tas yuav ntau dhau, tab sis qhov ceev ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj alkali yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua, thiab feem ntau nws yog qhov zoo dua los ntxiv rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv.

4. Rau divinyl sulfone dyes nyob rau hauv qeb A, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi kuj siab vim hais tias lawv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rhiab heev rau alkaline agents ntawm 60 ° C. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho cov xim tam sim thiab xim tsis sib xws, koj tuaj yeem ua ntej ntxiv 1/4 ntawm tus neeg sawv cev alkali ntawm qhov kub qis.

Hauv cov txheej txheem hloov dyeing, nws tsuas yog tus neeg sawv cev alkali uas yuav tsum tau tswj tus nqi pub mis. Cov txheej txheem hloov dyeing tsis yog tsuas yog siv tau rau cov txheej txheem cua sov, tab sis kuj tseem siv tau rau txoj kev ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua. Txoj kev ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem ua kom cov kua dej ntau dua thiab ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab nkag mus ntawm cov xim. Qhov o ntawm qhov amorphous cheeb tsam ntawm cov fiber ntau ntawm 60 ° C yog li ob zaug siab li ntawm 30 ° C. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kub tsis tu ncua yog tsim nyog rau cheese, hank. Warp beams suav nrog cov txheej txheem dyeing nrog cov dej cawv tsawg, xws li jig dyeing, uas yuav tsum tau nkag siab thiab diffusion lossis dye concentration.

Nco ntsoov tias sodium sulfate tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yog qee zaum kuj alkaline, thiab nws tus nqi PH tuaj yeem ncav cuag 9-10. Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Yog tias koj piv cov ntshiab sodium sulfate nrog cov ntsev ntshiab, ntsev muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm cov xim sib xyaw dua li sodium sulfate. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib npaug ntawm sodium ions hauv cov lus ntsev yog siab dua li ntawm sodium sulfate ntawm tib qhov hnyav.

Kev sib sau ntawm cov dyes muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog dej zoo. Feem ntau, calcium thiab magnesium ions qis dua 150ppm yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau rau kev sib sau ntawm cov xim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau hnyav ions hauv dej, xws li ferric ions thiab txhuas ions, suav nrog qee cov kab mob algae, yuav ua kom cov xim sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias qhov concentration ntawm ferric ions nyob rau hauv dej siab tshaj 20 ppm, anti-cohesion muaj peev xwm ntawm cov dye yuav raug txo kom tsawg, thiab cov cawv ntawm algae yog hnyav dua.

Txuas nrog dye anti-agglomeration thiab salting-out resistance test:

Kev Txiav Txim 1: hnyav 0.5 g ntawm dye, 25 g ntawm sodium sulfate los yog ntsev, thiab yaj nyob rau hauv 100 ml ntawm purified dej ntawm 25 ° C rau li 5 feeb. Siv lub raj xa dej los nqus cov tshuaj thiab poob 2 tee tsis tu ncua ntawm tib txoj haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv lim.

Kev txiav txim 2: hnyav 0.5 g ntawm cov xim, 8 g ntawm sodium sulfate los yog ntsev thiab 8 g ntawm soda tshauv, thiab yaj nyob rau hauv 100 ml ntawm purified dej ntawm txog 25 ° C rau li 5 feeb. Siv lub dropper los nqus cov tshuaj ntawm cov ntawv lim tsis tu ncua. 2 dauv.

Cov txheej txheem saum toj no tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab qhov kev tiv thaiv agglomeration thiab salting-tawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov xim, thiab hauv paus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb cov txheej txheem dyeing yuav tsum tau siv.