Intermediates: Dyeing (pigment) intermediates yog ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj zoo. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txhawb nqa intermediates. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim cov khoom nruab nrab rau dyeing thiab pigment tau tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txij li xyoo 1950s. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, kev tsim cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov dyeing thiab pigment tau dhau los ua nruj dua, thiab tau muaj kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev tsim khoom siv tshuab. Peb tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, xws li kev tshawb fawb, kev siv tshiab rau ntau yam qub thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab tau txais cov txheej txheem huv rau kev tsim cov xim thiab cov xim nruab nrab. .

1
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv cov khoom nruab nrab

Qhov tseeb, kev siv cov tshuaj intermediates yog ntau txoj kev loj hlob, ib yam ntawm cov intermediates siv nyob rau hauv dyes hu ua dye intermediates, thiab siv tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Kuj hu ua tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj intermediates. Yuav tsum tau muab suav hais tias yog ib ceg ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj zoo tag nrho, yuav tsum tsis txhob muab faib ua dye intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates. , tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates, tshuaj intermediates, uas yuav txo tau cov kev siv ntawm ib co intermediates thiab cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj zoo intermediates yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau yam, tshwj tsis yog rau ob peb ntau yam ntawm cov nplai ntau lawm tshwj xeeb yog loj, feem ntau ntawm cov tonnage tsis loj heev, tab sis cov txheej txheem kev npaj yog feem ntau nyuaj, nrog rau ntau qhov kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib cais, thiab ntau lawm ntau npaum li cas "peb pov tseg" yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum koom nrog kev tshawb fawb cov txheej txheem cov khoom lag luam, lub koom haum tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam.

Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej txawv teb chaws, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab zoo li ua kom zoo kom ua tiav cov khoom lag luam serial. ob peb mus rau kaum ob ntau yam ntawm intermediates, xws li kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom yog yooj yim rau kev siv los ntawm tag nrho cov kev loj hlob thiab txais yuav cov technologies tshiab. Peb yuav tau txais ob zaug qhov tshwm sim nrog ib nrab ntawm kev siv zog. Peb tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov xwm txheej hauv Nyij Pooj, qhov chaw tsim khoom nruab nrab siv los ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees, pib txij xyoo 1960. Nws tau raug kho thiab concentrated xya zaus.

Los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev loj hlob, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam dye thiab pigment intermediates kev lag luam tau mus txog qib siab dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsim khoom, thev naus laus zis thiab qib khoom siv, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov xim hauv tsev thiab pigment kev lag luam kev loj hlob, tab sis kuj muab cov khoom lag luam zoo intermediates ntau dua. txawv teb chaws.

Cov khoom siv raw uas xav tau rau kev sib txuas nruab nrab feem ntau yog los ntawm cov khoom lag luam roj av thiab coking chemical, feem ntau yog benzene, naphthalene, naphthalene, thiab naphthalene. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov organic pigments npaj los ntawm heterocyclic intermediates tau nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series tebchaw, cov khoom siv raw khoom siv rau kev tsim cov dyestuff. Kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws yuav dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau.

2
Cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau siv rau cov tshuaj nruab nrab

Cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau hauv cov khoom nruab nrab rau kev lag luam dyeing (pigment) yog raws li hauv qab no.

(1) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sulfonation
(2) Nitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
(3) Halogenation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
(4) Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los npaj cov amino
(5) Diazotization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (feem ntau nrog kev sib txuas lus)
(6) Hloov cov sulfonic acid pawg rau hauv pawg hydroxyl los ntawm cov tshuaj alkali-melting
(7) Cov tshuaj acetylation
(8) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation
(9) Condensation thiab carbonation tshwm sim
(10) Aromatization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (feem ntau yog amino)
(11) Kev hloov pauv tau ntawm hydroxyl thiab amino pawg
(12) Hydroxylation ntawm hydroxyl lossis amino pawg

Raws li lub nplhaib aromatic qauv ntawm cov tshuaj zoo intermediates, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua aliphatic, benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic thiab ntom. Nplhaib system. Peb lub teb chaws tuaj yeem tsim ntau tshaj 400 hom benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic thiab lwm yam nruab nrab ntawm dyeing thiab pigment, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm Dyeing thiab pigment kev lag luam kev xav tau.

3
Ntau yam ntawm benzene system

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N, N-dimethylaniline, p-amino Anisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N -ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisole, p-aminoanisole, DSD acid, p-aminophenetole, CTL acid, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine Toluidine , N, N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m- Toluidine, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, ethoxyaniline, 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-benzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-benzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2. 4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4 5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline inter, para ester, thiab lwm yam.

4
Lub ntsiab ntau yam ntawm naphthalene intermediates

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, thujaplic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 acid oxygens. J-acid, peri-acid, gamma-acid, G-ntsev, R-ntsev, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol -5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene , 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid thiab lwm yam. Anthraquinone intermediates muaj xws li: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, thiab lwm yam. , 5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, thiab lwm yam.

5
Loj heterocyclic thiab ntom-cyclic hom

Cyanuric chloride, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, dehydrothiobenzidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxyone-N-ethylpyridone 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano 4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4 methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl 6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6 -Hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, thiab lwm yam.