Dimethylformamide (siv lub npe luv DMF), tseem hu ua N, N-dimethylformamide, yog ib qho dimethyl hloov ntawm formamide, thiab ob pawg methyl nyob ntawm N (nitrogen) atoms, yog li nws yog lub npe. Ua ib qho khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb thiab cov kuab tshuaj nrog kev ua tau zoo heev, DMF yog siv dav hauv polyurethane, acrylic fiber, cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, dyes, electronics thiab lwm yam lag luam.

DMF yog cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab nrog lub ntsiab lus kub siab, qhov chaw khov qis, kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg zoo thiab thermal, thiab sib xyaw nrog dej thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Nws yog cov kuab tshuaj siv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab hu ua "cov kuab tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb": DMF siv Cov acrylic fiber tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem spinning qhuav ntawm cov kuab tshuaj acrylic fiber muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm hydrophobicity zoo, lub zog npog muaj zog, cov qauv mos, thiab kev xav tes muaj zog; hauv kev tsim cov tawv polyester synthetic ntub, DMF tuaj yeem siv ua tus neeg sawv cev ntxuav thiab kho rau polyurethane resin. Nws yog siv rau txheej ntau yam khoom siv nthuav dav, thiab thaum siv rau kev zas tawv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim ntawm cov tawv sib xws thiab tsis ploj; vim nws muaj peev xwm yaj tau zoo, DMF siv ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov xim thiab siv rau kev zas cov fibers hluavtaws, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cov tawv. Cov yam ntxwv zas xim; ua cov kuab tshuaj xaiv siv hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais, DMF tuaj yeem siv rau kev nqus cov hydrocarbons xaiv thiab cov pa roj inorganic. Piv txwv li, DMF siv los ntxuav ethylene kom tshem tawm acetylene, yog li ua kom ethylene huv. DMF kuj tseem siv tau los rho tawm isoprene, piperylene, thiab lwm yam los ntawm cov pa roj ntawm ethylene cog rau kev tsim cov roj tsis muaj roj; DMF kuj tseem siv tau ua cov kuab tshuaj xaiv rau cov txheej txheem rho tawm hauv kev ua roj av. Piv txwv li: hauv cov kab ke polycarboxylic acid uas muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws thiab nyuaj rau cais, xws li isophthalic acid thiab terephthalic acid, lawv tuaj yeem cais tau yooj yim los ntawm DMF kuab tshuaj rho tawm lossis recrystallization kauj ruam.

Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic, dimethylformamide tsis yog tsuas yog siv dav ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov organic. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, ua cov tshuaj nruab nrab, nws yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj doxycycline, cortisone, thiab sulfa; hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab, nws yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab ua haujlwm siab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

Ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev tsim tshuaj, DMF tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj crystallization rau kev ntxuav cov tshuaj. Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, nws tuaj yeem siv los kho qhov viscosity ntawm tus neeg sawv cev kho rau cov ntawv laminates tooj liab. DMF kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj nqa khoom los tsim cov siv lead ua polymeric nrog BF3 (boron trifluoride), ua rau BF3 hloov pauv ntawm roj mus rau khoom khov thiab yooj yim thauj mus los. Ua ib qho tshuaj polar (hydrophilic) aprotic nrog lub ntsiab lus kub siab, nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN₂) mechanism. Tsis tas li ntawd, dimethylformamide muaj cov nyhuv catalytic hauv hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dehydration thiab dehydrohalogenation reactions, uas txo qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txhim kho cov khoom purity.

Zoo li DMF tsim nyog tau lub npe hu ua "universal solvent". Kev siv ntau yam no yuav nyuaj rau dhau mus sai sai. Peb lub tuam txhab nyob rau theem siab hauv kev lag luam hais txog lub zog ntawm lub tuam txhab, DMF muaj peev xwm tsim khoom, zoo ntawm cov khoom, thiab lub koob npe nrov. Peb xyaum xaiv cov neeg siv khoom ua ntej thiab pab koj tag nrho lub siab.

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