Tom qab ze li ib puas xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam chemical tau dhau los ua lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab lub voj voog kev lag luam yog luv dua li ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj nyob hauv Europe, America, Nyiv thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, Amelikas thiab lwm lub tebchaws, nws tsuas yog siv sijhawm ob peb xyoos kom ncav cuag theem, thiab Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam chemical tau ze rau qhov kawg. Qhov txawv yog tias tom qab cov theem loj ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab Amelikas, cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv siab tau nce zuj zus, thaum nyob hauv Suav teb, vim muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam ntim khoom nplua chemicals nce qeeb.

Hauv 5-10 xyoo tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam yuav xaus thiab cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho zoo yuav nrawm. Tam sim no, ntau lub tsev tshawb fawb hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab ua lag luam, tau nce lawv cov peev hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj zoo.

Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj zoo nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, thawj zaug yog kev sib sib zog nqus ua kev tshawb fawb siv tsawg-carbon hydrocarbons raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov downstream feem ntau yog concentrated nyob rau hauv pharmaceutical intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates thiab lwm yam teb. Thib ob, rau kev sib sib zog nqus ua thiab siv cov polycarbon hydrocarbons, nqes hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo kawg nkaus, cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab lwm yam; Thib peb, rau kev sib cais thiab purification ntawm high carbon hydrocarbon raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab sib sib zog nqus ua thiab siv, downstream nyob rau hauv lub surfactant, plasticizer thiab lwm yam teb.

Xav txog tus nqi seem, qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj carbon tsawg yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb. Tam sim no, ntau lub tsev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tau koom tes nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg hydrocarbon zoo tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam. Cov khoom sawv cev yog cov tshuaj zoo txuas ntxiv ntawm isobutylene kev lag luam saw thiab cov tshuaj zoo txuas ntxiv ntawm aniline kev lag luam saw.

Raws li qhov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej, cov saw hlau muaj ntau tshaj 50 cov tshuaj zoo tau txuas mus rau hauv qab ntawm cov purity isobutene siab, thiab cov saw hlau ua kom zoo dua cov khoom lag luam qis dua. Aniline muaj ntau dua 60 hom tshuaj zoo hauv qab kev lag luam saw txuas ntxiv, cov lus qhia hauv qab no muaj ntau heev.

Tam sim no, aniline yog tsim los ntawm catalytic hydrogenation ntawm nitrobenzene, uas yog hydrogenation ntawm nitric acid, hydrogen thiab ntshiab benzene raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws ntawm MDI, roj hmab additives, dyes thiab kev kho mob intermediates, roj av additives thiab hais txog. Cov ntshiab benzene nyob rau hauv cov roj refining thiab chemical ntau lawm tuam txhab uas muag tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv roj, uas txhawb kev txuas ntxiv thiab kev siv cov khoom lag luam hauv qab ntawm cov benzene ntshiab, uas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj thiab kev lag luam.

Raws li cov kev lag luam sib txawv uas cov khoom lag luam qis ntawm p-aniline tau thov, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kev lag luam hauv qab no: Ua ntej, daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam roj hmab accelerator thiab antioxidant, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib yam khoom. , uas yog p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine thiab dicyclohexylamine. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom aniline no yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam roj hmab antioxidant, xws li p-amino diphenylamine tuaj yeem tsim antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, thiab lwm yam.

Kev noj nyob rau hauv daim teb ntawm roj hmab accelerator thiab antioxidant yog ib qho tseem ceeb noj aniline downstream nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov roj hmab, accounting rau ntau tshaj 11% ntawm tag nrho cov kev noj ntawm aniline downstream, cov khoom sawv cev tseem ceeb yog p-aminobenzidine thiab hydroquinone.

Hauv diazo tebchaw, siv aniline thiab nitrate thiab lwm yam khoom, cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim tau yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom no yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm dyes, pharmaceuticals thiab tshuaj tua kab intermediates. Cov khoom sawv cev yog: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, uas yog hluavtaws azo dye, um suab dye, disperse dye, kuj siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab xim thiab ua ib qho kev qhia, thiab lwm yam. P-hydroxyaniline yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom. ntawm sulphide xiav FBG, tsis muaj zog acid ci daj 5G thiab lwm yam dyes, kev tsim cov paracetamol, antamine thiab lwm yam tshuaj, kuj siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov developer, antioxidant thiab thiaj li nyob.

Tam sim no, feem ntau cov aniline tebchaw siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam dyeing yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride thiab p-hydroxyaniline, accounting txog li 1% ntawm downstream noj aniline, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb daim ntawv thov kev taw qhia ntawm nitrogen tebchaw nyob rau hauv downstream ntawm aniline thiab kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam tam sim no.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv qab daim ntawv thov ntawm aniline yog halogenation ntawm aniline, xws li zus tau tej cov p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea thiab lwm yam khoom. Vim muaj coob tus halogenation khoom ntawm aniline, nws yog preliminatively kwv yees hais tias muaj ze li ntawm 20 hom, uas tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb kev taw qhia ntawm extension ntawm downstream nplua tshuaj kev lag luam saw ntawm aniline.

Lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm aniline yog qhov txo qis, xws li aniline thiab hydrogen los tsim cyclohexamine, aniline thiab concentrated sulfuric acid thiab dej qab zib los tsim bicyclohexane, aniline thiab sulfuric acid thiab sulfur trioxide los tsim p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no yuav tsum muaj ntau tus excipients, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom downstream tsis loj, kwv yees kwv yees li tsib yam khoom.

 Ntawm lawv, xws li p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, manufacturing azo dyes, siv raws li siv reagent, sim reagent thiab chromatographic tsom xam reagent, kuj yuav siv tau raws li tshuaj tua kab los tiv thaiv hom qoob mog xeb. Dicyclohexamine, yog kev npaj cov tshuaj pleev ib ce intermediates, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab textile nplej xeb, nrog rau kev npaj cov txuj lom thiab lwm yam.

Kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm aniline yog qhov hnyav heev. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam thiab me me-teev ntau lawm theem nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, thiab cov kev faib ua feem yog tsawg heev. Nws tsis yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam hauv qab ntawm aniline.

Kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo siv aniline ua raw khoom suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv arylation, alkylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, oxidation thiab nitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cyclization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv aldehyde condensation thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ua ke. Aniline tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv qab.