Tom qab yuav luag ib puas xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tau dhau los ua lub tebchaws loj hlob sai tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab lub voj voog kev lag luam luv dua li ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg hauv Tebchaws Europe, Asmeskas, Nyiv Pooj thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, Asmeskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws, nws tsuas yog siv ob peb xyoos xwb los txog theem ntsuas, thiab Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tab tom yuav kawg. Qhov txawv yog tias tom qab theem loj ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas, tus lej ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo uas txhawb nqa los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab nce siab heev, thaum nyob hauv Suav teb, vim yog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tsawg, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo nce qeeb qeeb.

Hauv 5-10 xyoo tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg yuav xaus thiab cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho zoo yuav ua kom nrawm dua. Tam sim no, ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab ua lag luam, tab tom nce lawv cov peev txheej hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj zoo.

Rau kev coj ua ntawm cov tshuaj zoo hauv Suav teb, thawj qhov yog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm tob siv cov roj carbon tsawg ua cov khoom siv raw, thiab cov downstream feem ntau yog concentrated hauv cov tshuaj intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates thiab lwm yam teb. Qhov thib ob, rau kev ua haujlwm tob thiab siv cov polycarbon hydrocarbons, downstream hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo, cov khoom ntxiv thiab lwm yam teb; Qhov thib peb, rau kev sib cais thiab kev ntxuav cov khoom siv roj carbon siab thiab kev ua haujlwm tob thiab kev siv, downstream hauv surfactant, plasticizer thiab lwm yam teb.

Xav txog qhov nqi, kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas tsis muaj carbon ntau yog txoj hauv kev pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb. Tam sim no, ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tab tom nthuav dav kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo uas tsis muaj carbon ntau. Cov khoom sawv cev yog kev nthuav dav tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm cov saw hlau isobutylene thiab kev nthuav dav tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm cov saw hlau aniline.

Raws li kev tshawb nrhiav ua ntej, cov saw hlau kev lag luam ntawm ntau dua 50 cov tshuaj zoo tau nthuav dav mus rau sab qis ntawm cov isobutene uas muaj kev ntshiab siab, thiab qhov nrawm ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom lag luam sab qis dua. Aniline muaj ntau dua 60 hom tshuaj zoo rau kev lag luam sab qis, cov lus qhia siv sab qis muaj ntau heev.

Tam sim no, aniline feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm catalytic hydrogenation ntawm nitrobenzene, uas yog hydrogenation tsim cov nitric acid, hydrogen thiab benzene ntshiab ua cov khoom siv raw. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov teb ntawm MDI, cov roj hmab ntxiv, cov xim thiab cov khoom siv kho mob nruab nrab, cov roj av ntxiv thiab lwm yam. Cov benzene ntshiab hauv kev ua roj thiab cov chaw tsim tshuaj lom neeg tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov khoom roj, uas txhawb kev nthuav dav thiab kev siv ntawm cov saw hlau lag luam downstream ntawm benzene ntshiab, uas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev lag luam kev txhim kho.

Raws li cov lag luam sib txawv uas cov khoom lag luam p-aniline siv, lawv tuaj yeem faib ua cov lag luam hauv qab no: Ua ntej, daim ntawv thov hauv thaj chaw ntawm roj hmab accelerator thiab antioxidant, uas tuaj yeem faib ua tsib hom khoom, uas yog p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine thiab dicyclohexylamine. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom aniline no yog siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm roj hmab antioxidant, xws li p-amino diphenylamine tuaj yeem tsim cov antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, thiab lwm yam.

Kev siv roj hmab accelerator thiab antioxidant hauv thaj chaw roj hmab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv aniline downstream hauv thaj chaw roj hmab, suav txog ntau dua 11% ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv aniline downstream, cov khoom tseem ceeb yog p-aminobenzidine thiab hydroquinone.

Hauv cov tshuaj diazo, siv aniline thiab nitrate thiab lwm yam khoom, cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tsim tau yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom lag luam no siv dav hauv cov teb ntawm cov xim, tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab intermediates. Cov khoom sawv cev yog: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, uas yog cov xim azo hluavtaws, um suab xim, disperse xim, kuj siv rau hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab cov xim thiab ua qhov qhia, thiab lwm yam. P-hydroxyaniline siv rau hauv kev tsim cov sulphide xiav FBG, cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog daj 5G thiab lwm yam xim, kev tsim cov paracetamol, antamine thiab lwm yam tshuaj, kuj siv rau hauv kev tsim cov neeg tsim khoom, antioxidant thiab lwm yam.

Tam sim no, feem ntau cov tshuaj aniline siv hauv kev lag luam zas xim hauv Suav teb yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride thiab p-hydroxyaniline, suav txog li 1% ntawm kev siv aniline, uas yog ib qho kev coj ua tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj nitrogen hauv aniline thiab tseem yog ib qho kev coj ua tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam tam sim no.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv aniline yog halogenation ntawm aniline, xws li kev tsim cov p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea thiab lwm yam khoom. Vim muaj ntau cov khoom halogenation ntawm aniline, nws tau kwv yees ua ntej tias muaj ze li ntawm 20 hom, uas tau dhau los ua qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm aniline.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm aniline yog qhov kev txo qis, xws li aniline thiab hydrogen los tsim cyclohexamine, aniline thiab concentrated sulfuric acid thiab soda los tsim bicyclohexane, aniline thiab sulfuric acid thiab sulfur trioxide los tsim p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Hom kev tshuaj tiv thaiv no xav tau ntau tus neeg koom nrog, thiab tus lej ntawm cov khoom lag luam downstream tsis loj, kwv yees li tsib hom khoom.

 Ntawm lawv, xws li p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, tsim cov azo dyes, siv ua cov tshuaj reagent, cov tshuaj reagent sim thiab cov tshuaj reagent chromatographic, kuj siv tau ua tshuaj tua kab los tiv thaiv xeb nplej. Dicyclohexamine, yog kev npaj cov xim nruab nrab, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab textile nplej xeb, nrog rau kev npaj cov txuj lom thiab lwm yam.

Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txo qis ntawm aniline yog qhov hnyav heev. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau sib sau ua ke hauv chav kuaj thiab theem tsim khoom me me hauv Suav teb, thiab qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev siv yog me me heev. Nws tsis yog qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov saw hlau tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm aniline.

Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov saw hlau tshuaj lom neeg zoo siv aniline ua cov khoom siv raw suav nrog arylation reaction, alkylation reaction, oxidation thiab nitrification reaction, cyclization reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction thiab complex combination reaction. Aniline tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab muaj ntau daim ntawv thov downstream.