Tom qab ze li ib puas xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam chemical tau dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws, lub voj voog kev lag luam tshaj li Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb Kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg lub voj voog yog luv luv, uas nyob hauv Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws. xav tau ntau xyoo kom mus txog rau theem teev, Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam tsuas yog ob peb xyoos tau los xaus. Qhov txawv yog tias tom qab cov theem loj ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub tebchaws United States, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj zoo tshuaj txhawb los ntawm high-tech tau nce sharply, thaum nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, vim hais tias ntawm kev txwv tsis pub siv technology, kev ua lag luam. muab ntim ntawm cov tshuaj zoo tau loj hlob qeeb.

Ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv 5-10 xyoo tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam yuav xaus, thiab cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho zoo yuav nrawm. Tam sim no, muaj ntau lub tsev tshawb fawb hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab ua lag luam, tau nce peev hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim cov tshuaj zoo.

Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj zoo, Pingtou Tij Laug tau sau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no, ua ntej, kev siv cov pa roj carbon tsawg hydrocarbons los ua cov khoom siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib sib zog nqus, cov dej ntws tau tsom mus rau cov tshuaj intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates thiab lwm yam. Thib ob, rau kev sib sib zog nqus ua thiab siv cov polycarbon hydrocarbons, cov dej ntws hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo kawg nkaus, cov koom haum pab thiab lwm yam; Thib peb, rau kev sib cais thiab purification ntawm high-carbon hydrocarbon raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab sib sib zog nqus ua thiab siv, downstream nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm surfactants thiab plasticizers.

Los ntawm kev xav ntawm tus nqi, kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj carbon tsawg yog tus nqi qis tshaj ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Tam sim no, ntau lub tsev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg hauv cov tshuaj zoo. Cov khoom sawv cev yog cov tshuaj zoo txuas ntxiv ntawm isobutylene kev lag luam saw thiab cov tshuaj zoo txuas ntxiv ntawm aniline kev lag luam saw.

Raws li qhov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej, cov saw hlau muaj ntau tshaj 50 cov tshuaj zoo nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws ntawm high-purity isobutylene tau txuas ntxiv, thiab cov saw hlau ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv qab muaj cov kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Muaj ntau tshaj 60 hom tshuaj zoo hauv qab ntawm aniline kev lag luam saw txuas ntxiv, thiab ntau cov lus qhia hauv qab no.

Tam sim no, aniline yog tsim los ntawm catalytic hydrogenation ntawm nitrobenzene, uas yog hydrogenation ntawm nitric acid, hydrogen thiab ntshiab benzene raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv MDI, roj hmab auxiliaries, dyes thiab tshuaj intermediates, roj av additives thiab lwm yam teb. Ntshiab benzene nyob rau hauv refining thiab tshuaj ntau lawm tuam txhab uas muag tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv roj, uas txhawb kev txuas ntxiv thiab kev siv cov khoom lag luam hauv qab ntawm cov benzene ntshiab, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj thiab kev lag luam.

Raws li kev lag luam sib txawv siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom lag luam downstream ntawm aniline, nws tuaj yeem faib ua roughly faib rau hauv cov lag luam hauv qab no: Ua ntej, daim ntawv thov hauv cov roj hmab accelerators thiab antioxidants tuaj yeem kwv yees faib ua tsib yam khoom, uas yog p-amino-diphenylamine. , hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine thiab dicyclohexylamine. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom aniline no yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam roj hmab antioxidants, xws li p-amino-diphenylamine tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov roj hmab accelerator thiab antioxidant noj, aniline downstream nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov roj hmab yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev coj noj coj ua, accounting rau txog 11% ntawm tag nrho cov downstream noj ntawm aniline, cov khoom sawv cev tseem ceeb yog p-amino-diphenylamine thiab hydroquinone.

Ntawm cov diazo tebchaw, siv aniline thiab nitrate thiab lwm yam khoom, cov khoom uas tsim tau yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom no yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm dyes, pharmaceuticals thiab tshuaj tua kab intermediates. Cov khoom sawv cev yog: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, uas yog hluavtaws azo dye, hose dye, disperse dye, thiab kuj siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab pigments thiab ua ib qho kev qhia. P-hydroxyaniline yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov sulfur xiav FBG, tsis muaj zog acid ci daj 5G thiab lwm yam dyes, kev tsim cov tshuaj paracetamol, antamine thiab lwm yam tshuaj, tab sis kuj siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov developers, antioxidants thiab thiaj li nyob.

Raws li kev tshawb nrhiav, tam sim no, aniline tebchaw siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam dyeing feem ntau yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride thiab p-hydroxyaniline, suav txog li 1% ntawm cov dej ntws qis ntawm aniline, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb daim ntawv thov kev taw qhia ntawm nitrogen tebchaw. kev poob qis ntawm aniline, thiab tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam tam sim no.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv qab daim ntawv thov ntawm aniline yog halogenation ntawm aniline, xws li zus tau tej cov p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea thiab lwm yam khoom. Vim muaj coob tus ntawm aniline halogenation khoom, nws yog preliminatively kwv yees hais tias muaj ze li ntawm 20 yam, uas kuj tau los ua ib tug tseem ceeb kev taw qhia rau lub extension ntawm downstream nplua tshuaj kev lag luam saw ntawm aniline.

Cov khoom siv qis qis siv aniline halogenation, xws li o-chloraniline, yog siv rau kev tsim cov sulfur xiav FBG, tsis muaj zog acid ci daj 5G dyes, kev tsim cov tshuaj paracetamol, antamine thiab lwm yam tshuaj, tab sis kuj rau cov tsim tawm, antioxidants thiab yog li ntawd. Diphenyl thiourea yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization capsules, dej log tsheb, hlau thiab cable, raws li zoo raws li cov tshuaj thiab dye intermediates. N-acetoacetanilide yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic ice thiab preservatives, thiab roj hmab vulcanization accelerator.

Raws li kev soj ntsuam tsis tiav, tus naj npawb ntawm aniline halogenated downstream aniline nplua tshuaj cov khoom lag luam suav txog li 40% ntawm cov tshuaj aniline downstream, tab sis cov khoom siv feem ntau yog siv hauv high-end teb, thiab tag nrho cov nplai tsis loj. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb ntawm aniline halogenation kuj tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho technology.

Lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm aniline yog qhov txo qis, xws li aniline thiab hydrogen los tsim cyclohexane, aniline thiab concentrated sulfuric acid thiab soda tshauv los tsim dicyclohexane, aniline thiab sulfuric acid thiab sulfur trioxide los tsim p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no yuav tsum muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam, thiab cov khoom lag luam qis qis tsis loj, thiab nws kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm tsib yam khoom. 

Ntawm lawv, xws li p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, manufacturing azo dyes, thiab lwm yam., siv raws li siv reagent, sim reagent thiab chromatographic tsom xam reagent, thiab kuj yuav siv tau raws li ib tug tshuaj tua kab los tiv thaiv cov nplej xeb kab mob. Dicyclohexylamine, yog qhov kev npaj ntawm dye intermediates, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob cov nplej xeb, thiab kev npaj cov txuj lom.

Kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm aniline yog qhov hnyav heev, thiab tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj feem ntau yog tsom rau hauv chav kuaj thiab cov theem tsim khoom me me, thiab kev siv feem ntau me me, uas tsis yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv qab. kev lag luam saw ntawm aniline.

Kev siv aniline ua raw khoom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam txuas ntxiv, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv arylation, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkylation, oxidation thiab nitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cyclization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv aldehyde condensation thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke. Aniline tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv qab. peb yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm nws, thov tos ntsoov rau nws.