Tom qab yuav luag ib puas xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tau dhau los ua lub tebchaws loj hlob sai tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, lub voj voog kev lag luam luv dua li Tebchaws Europe, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Nyiv Pooj thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb txoj kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tau luv dua, uas nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws xav tau ntau xyoo kom ncav cuag theem ntsuas, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tsuas yog ob peb xyoos xwb tau xaus. Qhov txawv yog tias tom qab theem loj ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas, tus lej ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo uas txhawb nqa los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab tau nce siab, thaum nyob hauv Suav teb, vim yog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tsawg, qhov ntim khoom lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo tau loj hlob qeeb.

Ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv 5-10 xyoo tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg yuav xaus, thiab cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho zoo yuav ua kom nrawm dua. Tam sim no, muaj ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab ua lag luam, tab tom nce kev nqis peev hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov tshuaj zoo.

Rau kev coj ua ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj zoo, Pingtou Brother tau sau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no, ua ntej, kev siv cov roj carbon tsawg ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tiav tob, downstream tsom mus rau cov tshuaj intermediates, tshuaj tua kab intermediates thiab lwm yam teb. Qhov thib ob, rau kev ua tiav tob thiab kev siv cov roj carbon polycarbon, downstream hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo, cov koom haum pabcuam thiab lwm yam teb; Qhov thib peb, rau kev sib cais thiab kev ntxuav cov khoom siv roj carbon hydrocarbon siab thiab kev ua tiav tob thiab kev siv, downstream hauv cov teb ntawm surfactants thiab plasticizers.

Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus nqi, kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas tsis muaj carbon ntau yog txoj hauv kev pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Tam sim no, ntau lub tsev kawm tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tab tom nthuav dav kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hydrocarbons uas tsis muaj carbon ntau hauv cov tshuaj zoo. Cov khoom sawv cev yog kev nthuav dav tshuaj zoo ntawm cov saw hlau isobutylene thiab kev nthuav dav tshuaj zoo ntawm cov saw hlau aniline.

Raws li kev tshawb nrhiav ua ntej, cov saw hlau kev lag luam ntawm ntau dua 50 cov tshuaj zoo hauv qab ntawm cov isobutylene siab-purity tau nthuav dav, thiab cov saw hlau kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov nrawm dua. Muaj ntau dua 60 hom tshuaj zoo hauv qab ntawm aniline kev lag luam txuas ntxiv, thiab ntau cov lus qhia siv hauv qab.

Tam sim no, aniline feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm catalytic hydrogenation ntawm nitrobenzene, uas yog hydrogenation ntau lawm ntawm nitric acid, hydrogen thiab benzene ntshiab ua cov khoom siv raw. Nws yog siv rau hauv MDI, roj hmab auxiliaries, dyes thiab tshuaj intermediates, roj av additives thiab lwm yam teb. Cov benzene ntshiab hauv kev ua kom huv thiab tshuaj lom neeg tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov khoom roj, uas txhawb kev nthuav dav thiab kev siv ntawm cov saw hlau lag luam downstream ntawm benzene ntshiab, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev lag luam kev txhim kho.

Raws li cov lag luam sib txawv siv rau hauv cov khoom lag luam downstream ntawm aniline, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov lag luam hauv qab no: Ua ntej, daim ntawv thov hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov roj hmab accelerators thiab antioxidants tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib yam khoom, uas yog p-amino-diphenylamine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine thiab dicyclohexylamine. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom aniline no yog siv rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov roj hmab antioxidants, xws li p-amino-diphenylamine tuaj yeem tsim cov antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D thiab lwm yam.

Hauv kev siv roj hmab accelerator thiab antioxidant, aniline downstream hauv roj hmab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv, suav txog li 11% ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv aniline downstream, cov khoom tseem ceeb yog p-amino-diphenylamine thiab hydroquinone.

Ntawm cov tshuaj diazo, siv aniline thiab nitrate thiab lwm yam khoom, cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tsim tau yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom no siv dav hauv cov teb ntawm cov xim, tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab intermediates. Cov khoom sawv cev yog: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, uas yog cov xim azo hluavtaws, cov xim hose, cov xim disperse, thiab kuj siv rau hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab cov xim thiab ua qhov qhia. P-hydroxyaniline yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov sulfur xiav FBG, cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog daj 5G thiab lwm yam xim, kev tsim cov paracetamol, antamine thiab lwm yam tshuaj, tab sis kuj siv rau hauv kev tsim cov neeg tsim khoom, cov tshuaj antioxidants thiab lwm yam.

Raws li kev tshawb nrhiav, tam sim no, cov tshuaj aniline siv hauv kev lag luam zas xim hauv Suav teb feem ntau yog p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride thiab p-hydroxyaniline, suav txog li 1% ntawm kev siv aniline, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj nitrogen hauv aniline, thiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam tam sim no.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv aniline yog halogenation ntawm aniline, xws li kev tsim cov p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea thiab lwm yam khoom. Vim muaj ntau cov khoom aniline halogenation, nws tau kwv yees ua ntej tias muaj ze li ntawm 20 hom, uas kuj tau dhau los ua qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm aniline.

Cov khoom lag luam downstream siv aniline halogenation, xws li o-chloraniline, yog siv rau kev tsim cov sulfur xiav FBG, cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog daj 5G dyes, kev tsim cov paracetamol, antamine thiab lwm yam tshuaj, tab sis kuj rau kev tsim cov neeg tsim khoom, antioxidants thiab lwm yam. Diphenyl thiourea yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization capsules, dej log tsheb, hlau thiab cable, nrog rau tshuaj thiab xim intermediates. N-acetoacetanilide yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic ice thiab preservatives, thiab roj hmab vulcanization accelerator.

Raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tiav, tus naj npawb ntawm aniline halogenated downstream aniline tshuaj lom neeg zoo suav txog li 40% ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj aniline downstream, tab sis cov khoom lag luam feem ntau siv rau hauv cov teb siab, thiab qhov ntsuas tag nrho tsis loj. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuaj lag luam, kev tshawb fawb txog aniline halogenation kuj tau dhau los ua qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm aniline yog qhov kev txo qis, xws li aniline thiab hydrogen los tsim cyclohexane, aniline thiab concentrated sulfuric acid thiab soda tshauv los tsim dicyclohexane, aniline thiab sulfuric acid thiab sulfur trioxide los tsim p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Hom kev ua no xav tau ntau cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam, thiab tus lej ntawm cov khoom lag luam downstream tsis loj, thiab kwv yees li ntawm tsib yam khoom. 

Ntawm lawv, xws li p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, tsim cov azo dyes, thiab lwm yam, siv ua cov tshuaj reagent, cov tshuaj reagent sim thiab cov tshuaj chromatographic tsom xam, thiab kuj siv tau ua tshuaj tua kab los tiv thaiv kab mob xeb nplej. Dicyclohexylamine, yog kev npaj cov xim nruab nrab, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab textile nplej xeb, thiab kev npaj cov txuj lom.

Cov xwm txheej txo qis ntawm aniline yog qhov hnyav heev, thiab tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj feem ntau tsom mus rau hauv chav kuaj thiab theem tsim khoom me me, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm kev siv yog me me heev, uas tsis yog qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov saw hlau tshuaj lom neeg zoo ntawm aniline.

Siv aniline ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg zoo, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv arylation, alkylation, oxidation thiab nitrification, cyclization reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction thiab complex combination reaction. Aniline tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab muaj ntau daim ntawv thov downstream. Peb yuav txuas ntxiv ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm nws, thov tos ntsoov rau nws.