Kev Txheeb Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj Intermediates

Cov tshuaj nruab nrab
Cov tshuaj intermediates uas hu ua tshuaj yog cov khoom siv raw lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim tshuaj. Cov khoom siv tshuaj no tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj ib txwm yam tsis tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tsim tshuaj, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim thiab tsim tshuaj tsuav yog cov ntsuas kev ua tau raws li qee qib kev cai. Txawm hais tias kev tsim tshuaj kuj poob rau hauv qeb tshuaj, cov kev cai nruj dua li cov rau cov khoom siv tshuaj dav dav. Cov chaw tsim tshuaj tiav thiab APIs yuav tsum lees txais daim ntawv pov thawj GMP, thaum cov chaw tsim tshuaj intermediates tsis ua, vim tias intermediates tseem tsuas yog kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj raw, uas yog cov khoom yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj plaws hauv cov saw hlau tsim tshuaj, thiab tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tshuaj tseem, yog li lawv tsis xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj GMP, uas kuj txo qis qhov nkag mus rau cov chaw tsim tshuaj intermediates.

Kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates
Cov tuam txhab tshuaj uas tsim thiab ua cov organic/inorganic intermediates lossis APIs rau cov tuam txhab tshuaj rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam tshuaj tiav los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis kev tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg raws li cov qauv zoo nruj. Ntawm no cov tshuaj intermediates raug muab faib ua ob lub lag luam me CMO thiab CRO.

CMO
Lub Koom Haum Tsim Khoom Siv Daim Ntawv Cog Lus yog hais txog lub koom haum tsim khoom siv daim ntawv cog lus, uas txhais tau tias lub tuam txhab tshuaj muab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom rau tus khub. Cov saw hlau lag luam ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj CMO feem ntau pib nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Cov tuam txhab hauv kev lag luam yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim thiab ua rau lawv mus rau hauv cov khoom xyaw tshuaj tshwj xeeb, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau cov khoom siv pib API, cGMP intermediates, APIs thiab formulations. Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab tshuaj loj thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau tsim kom muaj kev koom tes ntev nrog cov neeg muab khoom tseem ceeb me me, thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv kev lag luam no feem ntau pom tseeb los ntawm lawv cov neeg koom tes.

CRO
Lub Koom Haum Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob (Daim Ntawv Cog Lus) txhais tau hais tias yog ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb txog daim ntawv cog lus, qhov chaw uas cov tuam txhab tshuaj muab cov khoom tshawb fawb rau tus khub. Tam sim no, kev lag luam feem ntau yog raws li kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev muag khoom ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj. Txawm hais tias yog txoj kev twg los xij, seb cov khoom siv tshuaj nruab nrab yog cov khoom tshiab lossis tsis yog, qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab tseem raug txiav txim los ntawm thev naus laus zis R&D ua thawj qhov, uas pom tseeb hauv cov neeg siv khoom lossis cov neeg koom tes ntawm lub tuam txhab.

Cov nqi ntawm kev ua lag luam tshuaj
Duab
(Duab los ntawm Qilu Securities)

Kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates
Duab
(Duab los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Kev Lag Luam Cov Ntaub Ntawv Network)

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj nruab nrab
Cov tshuaj intermediates muaj peev xwm muab faib ua pawg loj raws li cov teb siv, xws li intermediates rau tshuaj tua kab mob, intermediates rau tshuaj txo qhov kub thiab tshuaj loog, intermediates rau cov tshuaj kho mob plawv thiab tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav. Muaj ntau hom tshuaj intermediates tshwj xeeb, xws li imidazole, furan, phenolic intermediates, aromatic intermediates, pyrrole, pyridine, biochemical reagents, sulfur-muaj, nitrogen-muaj, halogen compounds, heterocyclic compounds, starch, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, dextrin, ethylene glycol, hmoov qab zib, inorganic salts, ethanol intermediates, stearate, amino acids, ethanolamine, potassium salts, sodium salts thiab lwm yam intermediates, thiab lwm yam.
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates hauv Suav teb
Raws li IMS Health Incorporated, txij xyoo 2010 txog 2013, kev lag luam tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb tau tswj hwm kev loj hlob ruaj khov, los ntawm US $ 793.6 billion hauv xyoo 2010 mus rau US $ 899.3 billion hauv xyoo 2013, nrog rau kev lag luam tshuaj qhia kev loj hlob sai dua los ntawm xyoo 2014, feem ntau yog vim kev lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nrog CAGR ntawm 6.14% txij xyoo 2010-2015, kev lag luam tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub voj voog kev loj hlob qeeb txij xyoo 2015-2019. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov tshuaj muaj kev thov ntau, kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom lag luam yuav muaj zog heev yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev lag luam tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb yuav ze li US $ 1.22 trillion txog xyoo 2019.
Duab
(Duab los ntawm IMS Health Incorporated)
Tam sim no, nrog rau kev hloov pauv kev lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj loj thoob ntiaj teb, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev faib ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb, Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom nruab nrab hauv kev faib ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev lag luam tshuaj. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj nruab nrab tau tsim ib lub kaw lus tiav los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho mus rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab hauv ntiaj teb, Tuam Tshoj cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tseem qis heev, ntau tus kws tshuaj nruab nrab siab heev thiab cov tshuaj tshiab patent txhawb nqa cov tuam txhab tsim khoom nruab nrab yog me me, tab tom nyob rau theem kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim kho cov qauv khoom thiab kev txhim kho.
Tus nqi tso tawm ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg hauv Suav teb txij xyoo 2011 txog 2015
Duab
(Duab los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Lub Koom Haum Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Lag Luam)
Xyoo 2011-2015, Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim khoom lag luam tau loj hlob txhua xyoo, xyoo 2013, Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim khoom yog 568,300 tons, xa tawm 65,700 tons, thiab xyoo 2015 Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim khoom yog li 676,400 tons.
Xyoo 2011-2015 Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj intermediates kev lag luam tsim cov ntaub ntawv
Duab
(Duab los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Lub Koom Haum Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Lag Luam Lag Luam)
Kev muab cov tshuaj intermediates hauv Suav teb tseem ceeb dua li qhov xav tau, thiab kev vam khom rau kev xa khoom mus rau lwm lub teb chaws maj mam nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, Tuam Tshoj cov khoom xa tawm feem ntau yog cov khoom loj xws li vitamin C, penicillin, acetaminophen, citric acid thiab nws cov ntsev thiab esters, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom no muaj cov khoom tsim tawm ntau, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom ntau dua, kev sib tw ua lag luam hnyav, tus nqi khoom qis thiab tus nqi ntxiv, thiab lawv cov khoom tsim tawm ntau ua rau muaj kev muab khoom ntau dua li qhov xav tau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates hauv tebchaws. Cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tseem vam khom rau kev xa khoom tuaj.
Rau kev tiv thaiv cov amino acid tshuaj intermediates, feem ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev muaj ib yam khoom sib txawv thiab tsis ruaj khov, feem ntau rau cov tuam txhab biopharmaceutical txawv teb chaws los kho cov khoom tsim tawm. Tsuas yog qee lub tuam txhab uas muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho muaj zog, cov chaw tsim khoom siab heev thiab kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim khoom loj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig siab hauv kev sib tw.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates

1, kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates kev cai ntau lawm txheej txheem
Ua ntej, koom nrog cov neeg siv khoom txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tshiab, uas xav kom lub tuam txhab R & D chaw muaj peev xwm tsim kho tshiab.
Qhov thib ob, rau tus neeg siv khoom sim khoom amplification, kom ua tau raws li txoj kev ntawm kev tsim khoom loj, uas xav tau lub tuam txhab engineering amplification peev xwm ntawm cov khoom thiab lub peev xwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tas mus li ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom haum rau theem tom qab, yog li kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm, txo cov nqi tsim khoom tas mus li thiab txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov thib peb, nws yog los zom thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, yog li ntawd kom ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws.

2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates
Kev tsim cov tshuaj yuav tsum muaj ntau yam tshuaj tshwj xeeb, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj nws tus kheej, tab sis nrog kev sib cais ua haujlwm thiab kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom, kev lag luam tshuaj tau hloov qee cov tshuaj intermediates mus rau cov tuam txhab tshuaj rau kev tsim khoom. Cov tshuaj intermediates yog cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo, thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj intermediates tau dhau los ua kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb. Tam sim no, kev lag luam tshuaj hauv Suav teb xav tau txog 2,000 hom tshuaj raw khoom thiab intermediates txhua xyoo, nrog rau kev thov ntau dua 2.5 lab tons. Raws li kev xa tawm cov tshuaj intermediates tsis zoo li kev xa tawm cov tshuaj yuav raug ntau yam kev txwv hauv cov tebchaws xa khoom, nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj intermediates thoob ntiaj teb rau cov tebchaws tsim kho, cov kev xav tau tsim tshuaj hauv Suav teb tam sim no ntawm cov tshuaj raw khoom thiab intermediates tuaj yeem sib phim, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm qhov xav tau los ntawm kev xa khoom. Thiab vim tias Tuam Tshoj muaj cov peev txheej ntau, cov nqi khoom siv raw qis, muaj ntau cov tshuaj intermediates kuj tau ua tiav ntau qhov kev xa tawm.

Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj xav tau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv nruab nrab ntawm ntau dua 2500 hom, qhov kev thov txhua xyoo tau txog 11.35 lab tons. Tom qab ntau tshaj 30 xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, Tuam Tshoj cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv nruab nrab tau ua tau raws li qhov xav tau. Kev tsim cov khoom siv nruab nrab hauv Tuam Tshoj feem ntau yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kub.

Thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam, kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates hauv Suav teb muaj rau yam ntxwv: Ua ntej, feem ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab yog cov tuam txhab ntiag tug, kev ua haujlwm yooj ywm, qhov peev txheej tsis loj, feem ntau ntawm lab txog ib lossis ob txhiab lab yuan; Qhov thib ob, kev faib tawm thaj chaw ntawm cov tuam txhab yog qhov sib sau ua ke, feem ntau hauv Taizhou, Zhejiang Xeev thiab Jintan, Jiangsu Xeev ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb; Qhov thib peb, nrog rau lub teb chaws txoj kev saib xyuas rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, qhov kev nyuaj siab rau cov tuam txhab los tsim cov chaw kho mob tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tab tom nce ntxiv. Qhov thib plaub, qhov ceev ntawm kev hloov kho khoom yog ceev, thiab qhov nyiaj tau los yuav poob qis heev tom qab 3 txog 5 xyoos hauv kev ua lag luam, yuam cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom tshiab lossis txhim kho cov txheej txheem tas li kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua; Qhov thib tsib, vim tias cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj intermediates siab dua li cov khoom siv tshuaj dav dav, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo ib yam, ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab tshuaj me me koom nrog cov tuam txhab tsim tshuaj intermediates, ua rau muaj kev sib tw hnyav dua hauv kev lag luam. Qhov thib rau, piv rau API, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj intermediates qis, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm API thiab cov tshuaj intermediates zoo sib xws, yog li qee lub tuam txhab tsis tsuas yog tsim cov tshuaj intermediates, tab sis kuj siv lawv tus kheej qhov zoo los pib tsim API. Cov kws tshaj lij tau taw qhia tias kev tsim cov tshuaj intermediates raws li kev coj ua ntawm API yog qhov tsis zam. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias kev siv ib zaug ntawm API, los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev, cov tuam txhab hauv tsev feem ntau tsim cov khoom tab sis tsis muaj cov neeg siv ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntev nrog cov tuam txhab tshuaj, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias kev muag khoom zoo.

3, kev nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam
① Cov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg siv khoom
Kev lag luam tshuaj muaj ob peb lub tuam txhab tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb tswj hwm. Cov neeg muaj hwj chim hauv kev lag luam tshuaj ceev faj heev thaum xaiv cov neeg muab kev pabcuam sab nraud thiab feem ntau muaj lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas ntev rau cov neeg muab khoom tshiab. Cov tuam txhab tshuaj CMO yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv, thiab yuav tsum tau ua tiav lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev soj ntsuam tas mus li ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem tau txais kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ua lawv cov neeg muab khoom tseem ceeb.
②Cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab
Lub peev xwm los muab cov kev pabcuam ntxiv rau cov thev naus laus zis siab yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab muab kev pabcuam tshuaj. Cov tuam txhab CMO tshuaj yuav tsum tau tawg los ntawm cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab lossis kev thaiv hauv lawv cov kev pib thiab muab cov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam tshuaj kom txo tau cov nqi tsim tshuaj. Yog tsis muaj kev nqis peev mus sij hawm ntev, kim heev hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thiab cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis, nws nyuaj rau cov tuam txhab sab nraud kev lag luam kom nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam tiag tiag.
③Cov teeb meem ntawm kev txawj ntse
Nws nyuaj rau cov tuam txhab CMO los tsim kom muaj kev sib tw R&D thiab pab pawg tsim khoom hauv lub sijhawm luv luv los tsim kom muaj tus qauv lag luam cGMP-ua raws li.
④Kev tswj hwm kev cai zoo
FDA thiab lwm lub koom haum tswj hwm tshuaj tau ua kom nruj dua hauv lawv cov kev cai tswj hwm zoo, thiab cov khoom uas tsis dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov teb chaws xa khoom tuaj.
⑤ Cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj ib puag ncig
Cov tuam txhab tshuaj uas muaj cov txheej txheem qub yuav dais cov nqi tswj kev ua qias tuaj siab thiab kev tswj hwm kev nyuaj siab, thiab cov tuam txhab tshuaj ib txwm uas feem ntau tsim cov pa phem siab, kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom lag luam qis (piv txwv li penicillin, cov vitamins, thiab lwm yam) yuav ntsib kev tshem tawm sai. Kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshuaj ntsuab tau dhau los ua kev coj ua yav tom ntej ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj CMO.

4. Cov tuam txhab tshuaj hauv tsev uas teev npe
Los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau kev lag luam, 6 lub tuam txhab teev npe ntawm cov tshuaj zoo tsim cov tshuaj nruab nrab yog nyob rau qhov kawg qis ntawm cov saw hlau kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias yog cov kws tshaj lij outsourcing kev pabcuam lossis rau API thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov qauv, lub zog ntawm kev siv tshuab yog lub zog tseem ceeb.
Hais txog lub zog thev naus laus zis, cov tuam txhab uas muaj thev naus laus zis nyob rau theem thoob ntiaj teb, lub zog khaws cia muaj zog thiab kev nqis peev siab hauv R&D tau txais kev pom zoo.
Pawg I: Lianhua Technology thiab Arbonne Chemical. Lianhua Technology muaj yim lub hauv paus thev naus laus zis xws li ammonia oxidation thiab fluorination ua nws lub hauv paus thev naus laus zis, uas hydrogen oxidation yog nyob rau theem ua thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb. Abenomics yog tus thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov tshuaj chiral, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv nws cov tshuaj sib cais thiab racemization thev naus laus zis, thiab muaj kev nqis peev R&D siab tshaj plaws, suav txog 6.4% ntawm cov nyiaj tau los.
Pawg II: Wanchang Technology thiab Yongtai Technology. Wanchang Technology txoj kev siv roj hydrocyanic acid pov tseg yog tus nqi qis tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem siab tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov prototrizoic acid esters. Yongtai Technology, ntawm qhov tod tes, paub txog nws cov tshuaj fluorine zoo.
Pawg III: Tianma Fine Chemical thiab Bikang (yav tas los hu ua Jiuzhang).
Kev sib piv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov tuam txhab teev npe
Duab
Kev sib piv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov qauv kev lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj uas teev npe
Duab
Kev sib piv ntawm kev thov downstream thiab patent lub neej voj voog ntawm cov khoom lag luam teev npe
Cov duab
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab teev npe
Cov duab
Txoj kev mus rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj intermediates zoo
Cov duab
(Cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Qilu Securities)
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj intermediates hauv Suav teb
Ua ib qho kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tshuaj zoo, kev tsim tshuaj tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev sib tw hauv 10 xyoo dhau los, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, ntau yam tshuaj tau tsim kho tas li rau kev pab tib neeg, kev tsim cov tshuaj no nyob ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab, cov tshuaj zoo, yog li cov tshuaj tshiab tau tiv thaiv los ntawm patents, thaum cov tshuaj nruab nrab nrog lawv tsis muaj teeb meem, yog li cov tshuaj tshiab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws Qhov chaw tsim kho kev lag luam thiab kev cia siab ntawm daim ntawv thov muaj kev cia siab heev.
Cov duab

Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj intermediates feem ntau yog pom tseeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj heterocyclic, cov tshuaj fluorine, cov tshuaj chiral, cov tshuaj biological, thiab lwm yam. Tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txhim kho cov tshuaj intermediates thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj hauv Suav teb. Qee cov khoom uas muaj cov kev xav tau siab heev tsis tuaj yeem npaj rau kev tsim khoom hauv Suav teb thiab feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev xa khoom tuaj, xws li anhydrous piperazine, propionic acid, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias qee cov khoom tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj hauv tsev hauv qhov ntau, tab sis tus nqi siab dua thiab zoo tsis yog raws li tus qauv, uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom tshuaj thiab xav tau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, xws li TMB, p-aminophenol, D-PHPG, thiab lwm yam.
Xav tias ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, kev tshawb fawb txog tshuaj tshiab hauv ntiaj teb yuav tsom mus rau 10 pawg tshuaj hauv qab no: tshuaj txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, tshuaj tiv thaiv mob pob qij txha, tshuaj tiv thaiv AIDS, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab thiab lwm yam tshuaj kis kab mob, tshuaj txo cov roj lipid, tshuaj tiv thaiv thrombotic, tshuaj tiv thaiv qog, tshuaj tiv thaiv platelet-activating factor antagonists, glycoside cardiac stimulants, antidepressants, tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, thiab lwm yam. Rau cov tshuaj no los tsim lawv cov intermediates yog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm cov tshuaj intermediates thiab yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los nthuav qhov chaw ua lag luam tshiab.