1,3-Dichlorobenzene yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw. Insoluble hauv dej, soluble hauv cawv thiab ether. Toxic rau tib neeg lub cev, irritating rau qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij. Nws yog flammable thiab muaj peev xwm raug chlorination, nitration, sulfonation, thiab hydrolysis tshuaj. Nws reacts hnyav nrog txhuas thiab yog siv rau hauv cov organic synthesis.

1. Khoom: kua xim tsis muaj xim nrog pungent tsw.
2. Melting point (℃): -24.8
3. Kub taw tes (℃): 173
4. Cov txheeb ze ntom ntom (dej = 1): 1.29
5. Cov txheeb ze vapor ceev (air=1): 5.08
6. Saturated vapor siab (kPa): 0.13 (12.1 ℃)
7. Thaum tshav kub kub combustion (kJ/mol): -2952.9
8. Qhov kub thiab txias (℃): 415.3
9. Lub siab tseem ceeb (MPa): 4.86
10. Octanol / dej faib coefficient: 3.53
11. Flash point (℃): 72
12. Ignition kub (℃): 647
13. Sab saum toj tawg txwv (%): 7.8
14. Tsawg tawg txwv (%): 1.8
15. Solubility: insoluble hauv dej, soluble hauv ethanol thiab ether, thiab yooj yim soluble hauv acetone.
16. Viscosity (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Ignition point (ºC): 648
18. Kub ntawm evaporation (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Thaum tshav kub kub tsim (KJ/mol, 25ºC, kua): 20.47
20. Thaum tshav kub kub combustion (KJ/mol, 25ºC, kua): 2957.72
21. Cov peev txheej kub tshwj xeeb (KJ / (kg·K), 0ºC, kua): 1.13
22. Solubility (%, dej, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Cov txheeb ze ntom ntom (25 ℃, 4 ℃): 1.2828
24. Qhov ntsuas kub li qub refractive index (n25): 1.5434
25. Solubility parameter (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Van der Waals cheeb tsam (cm2·mol-1): 8.220 × 109
27. Van der Waals ntim (cm3·mol-1): 87.300
28. Cov txheej txheem ua kua ua kom sov (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Ua kua theem txheem kub yaj (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Cov txheej txheem roj cua kub (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Standard entropy ntawm roj theem (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Tus qauv pub dawb lub zog ntawm kev tsim hauv cov roj theem (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. Gas theem txheem kub yaj (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Txoj kev khaws cia
Kev ceev faj rau kev khaws cia [Khoom hauv qhov chaw txias, qhov cua txias. Khaws kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab qhov chaw kub. Khaws lub thawv kaw kom nruj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm oxidants, aluminium, thiab edible tshuaj, thiab tsis txhob sib tov cia. Nruab nrog qhov tsim nyog ntau yam thiab ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov chaw cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv kho mob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog.

Kev daws teeb meem:

Txoj kev npaj yog raws li nram no. Siv chlorobenzene ua raw khoom rau ntxiv chlorination, p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene thiab m-dichlorobenzene tau txais. Txoj kev sib cais dav dav siv sib xyaw dichlorobenzene rau kev ua kom tsis tu ncua. Cov para- thiab meta-dichlorobenzene yog distilled los ntawm lub sab saum toj ntawm lub pej thuam, p-dichlorobenzene yog precipitated los ntawm khov thiab crystallization, thiab cov niam cawv yog ces kho kom tau meta-dichlorobenzene. Lub o-dichlorobenzene yog flash distilled nyob rau hauv lub flash pej thuam kom tau o-dichlorobenzene. Tam sim no, cov dichlorobenzene sib xyaw siv cov txheej txheem adsorption thiab kev sib cais, siv molecular sieve ua tus adsorbent, thiab cov roj theem sib xyaw dichlorobenzene nkag mus rau ntauwd adsorption, uas tuaj yeem xaiv adsorb p-dichlorobenzene, thiab cov kua seem yog meta thiab ortho dichlorobenzene. Kev kho kom tau txais m-dichlorobenzene thiab o-dichlorobenzene. Lub adsorption kub yog 180-200 ° C, thiab lub siab adsorption yog ib txwm siab.

1. Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization txoj kev: Meta-phenylenediamine diazotized nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sodium nitrite thiab sulfuric acid, lub diazotization kub yog 0 ~ 5 ℃, thiab diazonium kua yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cuprous chloride los tsim intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Meta-chloroaniline txoj kev: Siv cov tshuaj meta-chloroaniline ua raw khoom, diazotization yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sodium nitrite thiab hydrochloric acid, thiab diazonium kua yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cuprous chloride los tsim meta-dichlorobenzene.

Ntawm cov saum toj no ob peb txoj kev npaj, txoj kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau industrialization thiab tus nqi qis yog adsorption cais txoj kev sib xyaw dichlorobenzene. Muaj twb muaj chaw tsim khoom nyob rau hauv Suav teb rau ntau lawm.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb:

1. Siv nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis. Friedel-Crafts cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm m-dichlorobenzene thiab chloroacetyl chloride yields 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, uas yog siv los ua ib qho nruab nrab rau broad-spectrum antifungal tshuaj miconazole. Cov tshuaj chlorination yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ferric chloride los yog txhuas mercury, feem ntau ua 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug catalyst, nws yog hydrolyzed ntawm 550-850 ° C los tsim m-chlorophenol thiab resorcinol. Siv tooj liab oxide ua ib qho catalyst, nws reacts nrog concentrated ammonia ntawm 150-200 ° C nyob rau hauv siab los tsim m-phenylenediamine.
2. Siv nyob rau hauv dye manufacturing, organic synthesis intermediates thiab cov kuab tshuaj.

Toxicological cov ntaub ntawv:

1. Mob toxicity: nas intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg/kg, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tshwj tsis yog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob;

2. Cov ntaub ntawv toxicity ntau ntau: nas qhov ncauj TDLo: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, daim siab-siab hnyav hloov, tag nrho cov khoom noj metabolism, calcium-enzyme inhibition, induced hloov los yog hloov hauv cov ntshav los yog cov ntaub so ntswg theem-phosphatase;

Rat qhov ncauj TDLo: 3330mg / kg / 90D-I, endocrine hloov pauv, hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav cov ntshav (xws li tshuaj yej polyphenols, bilirubin, cholesterol), biochemical-enzyme inhibition, inducing lossis hloov ntshav lossis cov ntaub so ntswg-dehydrogenation Enzyme hloov

3. Mutagenicity data: gene conversion and mitosis recombinationTEST system: Poov xab-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Micronucleus test IntraperitonealTEST system: nas-rat: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Cov tshuaj lom yog me ntsis qis dua li ntawm o-dichlorobenzene, thiab nws tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes. Yuav ua rau lub siab thiab lub raum puas. olfactory pib concentration yog 0.2mg / L (dej zoo).

5. Mob toxicity LD50: 1062mg/kg (nas intravenous); 1062mg / kg (mos plab kab noj hniav)

6. Irritant Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv

7. Mutagenic gene transformation thiab mitotic recombination: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Micronucleus test: intraperitoneal tswj ntawm 175mg / kg (24h) hauv cov nas.

8. Carcinogenicity IARC carcinogenicity tshuaj xyuas: Pawg 3, cov pov thawj uas twb muaj lawm tsis tuaj yeem faib cov neeg mob carcinogenicity.