Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau lub teb chaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov teb chaws tsim kev lag luam, tau suav hais tias kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim kev txhim kho tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab kev hloov kho cov kev lag luam tshuaj ib txwm siv, thiab lawv cov kev lag luam tshuaj tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia. ntawm "diversification" thiab "refinement". Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, tib neeg xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsheb, kev lag luam tshuab, cov khoom siv tshiab, lub zog tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tshiab yuav nce ntxiv. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj, cov tshuaj engineering ntog, tshuaj tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntxiv, kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb zoo tshuaj yuav tswj tau qhov kev loj hlob sai dua li kev lag luam tshuaj.
* Cov tshuaj zoo
Cov tshuaj zoo yog xa mus rau cov tshuaj uas muaj kev ua haujlwm siab, siab ntxiv tus nqi thiab siab purity uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lossis muab cov khoom lag luam (hom) nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb lossis muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom me me thiab daim ntawv thov, thiab yog cov tshuaj yooj yim ntxiv. Cov khoom ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus ua.
Xyoo 1986, yav tas los Ministry of Chemical Industry tau faib cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo rau hauv 11 pawg: (1) tshuaj tua kab; (2) dyes; (3) coatings (nrog rau cov xim thiab inks); (4) pigments; (5) reagents thiab high-purity tshuaj (6) Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj (xws li cov ntaub ntawv photosensitive, hlau nplaum thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas yuav tau txais electromagnetic tsis); (7) Khoom noj khoom haus thiab pub additives; (8) Adhesives; (9) Catalysts thiab ntau yam additives; (10) Cov tshuaj (raws li cov khoom siv) thiab cov tshuaj niaj hnub (tsim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg); (11) Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv polymers (xws li cov yeeb yaj kiab ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv polarizing, thiab lwm yam). Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv tshuaj zoo yuav txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, thiab cov pawg tshiab yuav nce ntxiv.
Cov tshuaj zoo muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
(1) Ntau yam khoom siv thiab ntau yam kev siv
Muaj 40-50 pawg ntawm cov tshuaj zoo thoob ntiaj teb, nrog ntau tshaj 100,000 ntau yam. Cov tshuaj zoo yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, xws li tshuaj, dyes, tshuaj tua kab, txheej, cov khoom siv tshuaj niaj hnub, khoom siv hluav taws xob, ntawv tshuaj, inks, zaub mov additives, pub additives, dej kho, thiab lwm yam, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv aerospace. , biotechnology, Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam kev siv thev naus laus zis tau dav siv.
(2) Complex ntau lawm technology
Muaj ntau ntau yam tshuaj zoo, thiab tib yam khoom nruab nrab tuaj yeem txuas mus rau ob peb lossis ntau ntau cov derivatives rau ntau lub hom phiaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog qhov nyuaj thiab hloov tau, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau nyuaj. Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv chav kuaj kev loj hlob, kev sim me me, kev sim ntsuas thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau cov khoom loj. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau hloov kho lossis txhim kho lub sijhawm raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom qis. Cov khoom lag luam kev ruaj ntseg yuav tsum muaj siab, thiab lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tsim Nruam txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab sib sau ua ke hauv cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, derivative txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom zoo tshuaj nyob rau hauv subdivisions, lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm kev paub nyob rau hauv ntau lawm txheej txheem thiab lub peev xwm los innovate yog lub hauv paus kev sib tw ntawm ib tug zoo tshuaj enterprise.
(3) Cov khoom muaj nqis ntxiv
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom koom nrog hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo yog qhov ntev thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntau lub tsev. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov nyuaj. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ua tau raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb kom ua tiav cov tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim sib cais thiab cov khoom lag luam siab xav tau cov txheej txheem qib siab thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo feem ntau muaj tus nqi ntxiv.
(4) Ntau yam khoom sib xyaw
Hauv kev siv tswv yim, cov tshuaj zoo zoo tshwm sim raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv hauv cov tshuaj synthesis, thiab ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj zoo nrog rau lwm cov tebchaw hauv kev tsim cov ntawv ntau npaum. Muaj ntau yam kev xav tau rau cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ib yam khoom kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom lossis siv. Coj cov kev lag luam kho dej uas lub tuam txhab nyob ua piv txwv. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas siv rau hauv daim teb no suav nrog fungicides thiab algaecides, Scale agents, corrosion inhibitors, flocculants, thiab lwm yam., thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau txhua lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem sib xyaw los ntawm ntau cov tshuaj.
(5) Cov khoom muaj viscosity siab rau cov neeg siv khoom qis
Cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lossis kom ua tiav cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom qis. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab ruaj khov, thiab cov txheej txheem xaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv nruj dua. Thaum nkag mus rau cov npe khoom muag, Yuav tsis yooj yim hloov.