Ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam khoom siv tshiab, kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab yog ib qho chaw tshiab uas muaj zog dua thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg. Cov cai xws li "Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos Thib 14" thiab "Double Carbon" tau tsav tsheb zoo rau cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lag luam.

Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab suav nrog cov organic fluorine, organic silicon, txuag hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj siv hluav taws xob, kua mem thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tshiab. Lawv hais txog cov uas tam sim no tsim thiab tab tom tsim uas muaj kev ua tau zoo heev lossis qee yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj ib txwm muaj tsis muaj. Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab muaj qhov chaw siv tau zoo hauv kev lag luam tsheb, kev thauj mus los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau, kev tsav dav hlau, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv siab, kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov khoom siv kho mob, thiab kev tsim kho hauv nroog.

Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tshiab
Raws li pawg kev lag luam, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab suav nrog peb pawg: ib qho yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov teb tshiab, qhov thib ob yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qhov thib peb yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab tsim los ntawm kev ua tiav theem ob (cov txheej txheem siab, cov nplaum siab), cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm membrane, thiab lwm yam).

Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab feem ntau suav nrog cov yas engineering thiab lawv cov alloys, cov ntaub ntawv polymer ua haujlwm, organic silicon, organic fluorine, cov fibers tshwj xeeb, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj lom neeg hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv nano tshuaj lom neeg, roj hmab tshwj xeeb, polyurethane, polyolefins ua tau zoo, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb Muaj ntau tshaj kaum pawg suav nrog cov nplaum thiab cov khoom ntxiv tshwj xeeb.

Txoj cai tsav tsheb tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab
Kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab hauv Suav teb tau pib xyoo 1950 thiab 1960, thiab cov cai txhawb nqa thiab cov cai tswjfwm tau raug coj los tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig zoo rau kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab hauv Suav teb. Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, kev tshawb fawb ntawm Suav teb txog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab tau ua tiav ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau tsim tau siv tau zoo hauv ntau qhov chaw thiab tau coj xov xwm zoo rau kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam hauv Suav teb.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm "Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoo Thib 14" ntsig txog kev npaj txuj ci rau kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab

Ntsib "Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoo Thib 14", pom cov teeb meem uas kev lag luam ntsib me me tag nrho, cov qauv tsis tsim nyog, ob peb lub thev naus laus zis qub, tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa rau cov thev naus laus zis sib xws, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb raug tswj hwm los ntawm lwm tus, Lub Rooj Sab Laj Tsim Kho Tshiab ntawm Kev Lag Luam Khoom Siv Tshiab tau txiav txim siab los ua kom muaj qhov tsis txaus, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, thiab txhawb nqa daim ntawv thov. , Saib xyuas cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv plaub sab.

Raws li "Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Txhim Kho Tsib Xyoos rau Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj Tshiab" uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Petroleum thiab Chemical Industry Federation thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 2021, nws tau npaj tias thaum lub sijhawm "Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos 14", kuv lub teb chaws cov nyiaj tau los tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj tshiab thiab kev nqis peev ntawm cov cuab tam ruaj khov yuav tsum loj hlob sai thiab siv zog ua kom tiav cov lag luam siab thiab sib txawv los ntawm xyoo 2025, nrog rau kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho thiab kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm kev lag luam.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev tsav tsheb thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm carbon neutrality thiab carbon peaking

Qhov tseeb, txoj kev npaj ua ob-carbon txuas ntxiv mus ua kom zoo dua cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam thiab txhim kho qib kev txawj ntse ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm kev txhim kho nrog kev txwv, thiab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam hauv kev coj ua zoo dua thiab ruaj khov dua. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm sab kev muab khoom thiab kev thov ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, piav qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev npaj no rau kev lag luam cov khoom siv tshuaj tshiab.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub hom phiaj ob chav carbon yog feem ntau yog los ua kom zoo dua qhov kev muab khoom thiab tsim kom muaj kev thov. Kev ua kom zoo dua qhov kev muab khoom yog suav nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov peev xwm tsim khoom rov qab thiab kev txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem tshiab. Lub peev xwm tsim khoom tshiab ntawm feem ntau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg raug txwv nruj me ntsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab cov khoom tso pa tawm ntau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thee. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab hloov tau thiab kev siv cov catalysts tshiab yog siv los ua kom muaj kev siv cov khoom siv raw thiab ua kom cov pa tawm ntau ntxiv. Txo cov pa roj carbon thiab maj mam hloov cov peev xwm tsim khoom rov qab uas twb muaj lawm.

Piv txwv li, cov thev naus laus zis DMTO-III tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology tsis yog tsuas yog txo qhov kev siv methanol mus rau 2.66 tons xwb, cov catalyst tshiab kuj tseem ua rau cov olefin monomers ntau ntxiv, zam kev tawg C4 / C5, thiab txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide ncaj qha. Tsis tas li ntawd, BASF cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hloov cov roj av ua qhov chaw kub rau kev tawg ethylene nrog lub cub tawg tshiab nrog cov cua sov hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide mus txog 90%.

Kev tsim kom muaj kev thov kuj muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: ib qho yog kom nthuav dav qhov kev thov ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab uas twb muaj lawm, thiab qhov thib ob yog hloov cov khoom siv qub nrog cov khoom siv tshiab uas zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab tsis muaj pa phem. Tus qub siv lub zog tshiab ua piv txwv. Cov tsheb fais fab tshiab siv ntau cov khoom siv xws li thermoplastic elastomers, uas ncaj qha ua rau muaj kev thov rau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab. Hauv qhov kawg, kev hloov cov khoom siv qub los ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev thov ntau ntxiv, thiab ntau dua yuav cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov khoom siv raw. Piv txwv li, tom qab kev txhawb nqa cov yas uas lwj tau, kev siv cov yeeb yaj kiab yas ib txwm muaj tau txo qis.

Kev coj ua ntawm kev txhim kho txuj ci ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj tshiab
Muaj ntau hom tshuaj lom neeg tshiab. Raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm kev lag luam khoom siv thiab qib kev sib tw, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshiab tau muab faib ua peb hom thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab lawv cov teb siv: cov khoom siv polymer siab heev, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ua tau zoo, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg inorganic tshiab.

Cov thev naus laus zis polymer siab heev

Cov ntaub ntawv polymer siab heev feem ntau suav nrog roj hmab silicone, fluoroelastomer, polycarbonate, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, cov yas biodegradable, polyurethane, thiab ion exchange membranes, thiab ntau yam sub-pawg. Cov thev naus laus zis nrov ntawm sub-pawg tau raug sau ua ke thiab tshuaj xyuas. Tuam Tshoj cov thev naus laus zis khoom siv polymer siab heev muaj kev faib tawm dav thiab ntau yam kev siv. Ntawm lawv, cov teb ntawm cov organic polymer sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim yog cov khoom siv nquag heev.

Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke zoo

Cov chaw tshawb fawb kub ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke zoo yog cov organic polymer composites, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, thiab cov txheej txheem lossis cov khoom siv dav dav lossis tshuaj lom neeg, suav txog ze li ntawm 50%; Cov organic molecular yog siv ua cov khoom xyaw, thiab cov txheej txheem lossis cov khoom siv siv los hloov pauv lub zog tshuaj mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis heev.

Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj inorganic tshiab

Tam sim no, cov khoom siv tshuaj inorganic tshiab feem ntau suav nrog graphene, fullerene, hluav taws xob qib phosphoric acid thiab lwm yam pawg me. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab inorganic tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke, thiab cov chaw nquag ntawm cov thev naus laus zis patented yog concentrated hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, cov organic siab molecular compounds, inorganic chemistry thiab lwm yam teb.

Thaum lub sijhawm "14th Tsib-Xyoo Txoj Kev Npaj", lub xeev tau tsim cov cai tsim nyog los txhawb thiab coj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab, thiab kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov chaw uas kev lag luam Suav teb tam sim no loj hlob zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas yav tom ntej ntseeg tias rau kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab, ntawm ib sab tes, cov cai coj kev coj ua ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, cov cai zoo rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd txhawb nqa peev txheej hauv zej zog kom nce kev tshawb fawb tshiab thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshuaj lom neeg tshiab. Nrog kev nqis peev, kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tshiab tau kub sai.